Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

WBBSE Class 9 Fundamentals Of History Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Syllabus

What is the Industrial Revolution? When did it take place? Which were the location of the Industrial Revolution? Comparative discussion on Industrial revolutions in England and the Continent (using diagrams, timelines and maps).

Impact of Industrial Revolution on the Society, polity and Economy; Experience of England-Rise of an Industrial Society and its internal divisions; Rise of new Cities; migration from rural areas to the urban centres; Development of a bourgeois-Capilatist political system; Inequality of distributing the resources; Rise of new classes.

Different critiques of the Industrial Society-Socialist critiques; Critiques by Kari Marx and Friedrich Engels. A brief discussion on the process of colonial expansion as an outcome of the Industrial Revolution; Which European powers established their colonies outside of Europe? identify these locations with a map; Development of communication and transportation, mainly the railway, Suez Canal and Telegraph, system; Transformation of India from an exporter to an importer and its designation as ‘The Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire.’

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

Colonial rivalry and European Imperialism—Economic aspect of colonial rivalry; Search for markets to sell the surplus; Relations between the colonial rivalry and the jingoistic nationalism (in this context the discussion should be based on non-Indian experiences, mainly on the scramble for China and Africa); Conflict of Imperial powers; The First World War (upto its outbreak); A brief overview of the First World War based on maps, timelines and charts.

Did you know? ‘ Revolution in Industrial Technology; Ghetto; Factory system; Industrial Revolution and the position of women; Paris Commune; Henry de Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier; Tripple Alliance and Triple Entente; Sarajevo Incident.

(Contemporary paintings, newspaper reports and cartoons, maps, photographs etc.; Maps of the centres of the Industrial Revolution in Europe; Map of the First World War locating areas of expansion and its years and dates; Time-line of relevant issues; Diagrams and Statistical Data where ever possible).

WBBSE history solutions Industrial Revolution Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Synopsis

1. A peaceful revolution :

18th-century Europe witnessed a change in the method of production and transportation and the replacement of physical labour by power-driven machinery. This transformation of a qualitative and quantitative nature in industrial production through the application of scientific inventions ushered in a revolution which was altogether different from the ‘Revolutions’ that had hitherto taken place. (viz. French Revolution of 1789).

This peaceful revolution which meant a huge amount of production in a short time by use of technologies refers to the term- industrial Revolution, first coined by a French writer, Blanqui and subsequently used and popularised by Marx, Engels, Toynbee and others. The Industrial Revolution was preceded by a commercial and agricultural revolution which produced capital to invest.

2. Locations of industrial revolution :

The Industrial Revolution first started in England and then gradually spread to other parts of Europe like Belgium, France, Germany, Russia etc.

3. Impact of industrial revolution :

The Industrial Revolution had a great impact on the socio-political and economic life of the people of Europe. The Industrial Revolution led to the decline of the rural population and the small cottage industries. An urban society dependent on industries emerged which gave birth to various problems.

Two new classes, the rich capitalist class (owners of factories) and the exploited labourers, (workers of factories) came into existence. The rise of cities, the formation of the ‘ghettos’, the development of the Bourgeoisie- Capitalist political system, the concept of Socialism, the Workers’ movements, and the development of transport and communication were some of the features of the Industrial Revolution.

4. Birth of capitalism, colonialism and Imperialism :

The success of the Industrial Revolution depended on the availability of raw materials and suitable markets to sell surplus production. As a result, the capitalists in the industrially advanced countries of Europe pressured their governments to establish colonies in Asia and Africa. This naturally gave birth to colonization and aggressive imperialism.

5. Imperialist rivalry :

The imperialist rivalry of the industrially developed nations of Europe led to the creation of two camps by 1907. The camp was formed by the members of the Triple Alliance (1882) with Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary and the other camp was formed by the members of the Triple Entente England, Russia and France. The feeling of distrust, the arms race, the amassing of troops and compulsory military training made the situation apt for the outbreak of war.

6. The First World War:

The three crises that made the war inevitable were the Balkan crisis, the Morocco crisis and the Agadir crisis. Finally, the murder of the Austrian Prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie by a member of a Slav terrorist namely Princip in Sarajevo on June 28th 1914 provided the immediate cause of the outbreak of the First World War. The First World War commenced with Austria’s attack on Belgrade the capital of Serbia on 28th July 1914. It ended In 1918 with the signing of an armistice after the surrender of Germany.

Industrial Revolution and imperialism notes for Class 9 WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Important Words With Their Meanings

1. Conflict
A serious disagreement.

2. Industrial
Relating to or characterized by industry

3. Scientific
Based on the methods and principles of science

4. Capitalist
A person who uses his wealth to invest in trade and industry for profit under the principles of capitalism

5. Factory
A building where goods are manufactured or assembled by machine

6. Worker
A person who works in a specified way

7. Invention
The action of inventing something

8. Colony
A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country

9. Imperialism
A policy of extending a country’s power through colonization, the use of military force and other means.

10. Exploitation
Unfairly treating someone in order to gain a benefit

11. Aggression
Readiness to attack.

WBBSE Class 9 history Industrial Revolution and imperialism WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Names Of Some Important Persons And Their Work

Industrial Revolution’s global impact for Class 9 students Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Names Of Some Of The Scientists And Their Inventions

1. John Kay                                  Flying Shuttle
2. James Hargreaves                   Spinning Jenny
3. Richard Arkwright                   Water Frame
4. Samuel Crompton                   Spinning Mule
5. Edmund Cartwright                 Power Loom
6. James Watt                              Steam Engine
7. George Stephenson                Steam Locomotive
8. Samuel Morse                         Telegraph
9. Humphry Davy                        Safety Lamp
10. Alexander Graham Bell          Telephone

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Some Facts Related To The Industrial Revolution

1. Air Pollution, a major global problem has its origin from the Industrial Revolution.

2. The Reforms introduced in the Parliament of England in the 19th Century resulted in the outcome of the Industrial Revolution.

3. The penicillin vaccine and the vaccine for smallpox were discovered during the time of the Industrial Revolution.

4. The first modern factory was a water-powered cotton spinning mill. The mill Chronological Table was located in the village of Cromford Derbyshire. Today, the mill is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

5. Canal-building increased so much from 1790 to 1800 that it is known as ‘Canal- Mania’ and likewise an intense period of railway building in the 1840s is known as ‘Railway- Mania’.

6. The Stockton and Darlington Railway (SKDR) was the first passenger railway to use steam trains to transport passengers.

WBBSE history Chapter 4 solutions and notes Industrial Revolution Chronological table

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. There was a change in the mode of production in the 18th Century due to the ________.

1. Scientific inventions
2. Geographical discoveries
3. Political stability
4. Globalization.

Answer: 1. Scientific inventions

Question 2. The term Industrial Revolution came into vogue as early as ________.

1. 1830
2. 1837
3. 1845
4. 1860

Answer: 2. 1837

Question 3. According to Arnold Toynbee, the Industrial Revolution in England started in _________.

1. 1740
2. 1750
3. 1760
4. 1770

Answer: 3. 1760

Question 4. The Industrial Revolution had begun first in _________.

1. Germany
2. Italy
3. France
4. England

Answer: 4. England

Question 5. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe after the fall of ________.

1. Napoleon Bonaparte
2. Louis Philippe
3. Charles X
4. Napoleon 3

Answer: 1. Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 6. The railway construction in France started in _________.

1. 1830
2. 1832
3. 1848
4. 1849

Answer: 2. 1832

Question 7. The first railway line between Moscow and St. Petersburg was completed in __________.

1. 1850
2. 1851
3. 1852
4. 1853

Answer: 2. 1851

Question 8. Russia witnessed the beginning of industrial development from the time of _________.

1. Nicholas 1
2. Nicholas 2
3. Alexander 2
4. Alexander 2

Answer: 4. Alexander 2

Question 9. It is said that by 1914 around __________ millions of rubles of foreign currency were invested in Russia

1. 2000
2. 3000
3. 4000
4. 5000

Answer: 1. 2000

Question 10. In Germany, the railway was constructed with help from _______.

1. France
2. England
3. Russia
4. Spain

Answer: 2. England

Question 11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of __________.

1. Prussia
2. Russia
3. Austria
4. Sweden

Answer: 3. Austria

Colonialism and industrialization Class 9 WBBSE study guide

Question 12. _________ was the leader of the International Working Men’s Association.

1. Lenin
2. Engels
3. Fourier
4. Karl Marx

Answer: 4. Karl Marx

Question 13. David Livingstone was an __________.

1. Astronaut
2. Economist
3. Artist
4. Explorer

Answer: 4. Explorer

Question 14. Flying Shuttle was invented in ________.

1. 1731
2. 1732
3. 1733
4. 1734

Answer: 3. 1733

Question 15. _______ came to be known as the Dark Continent.

1. Asia
2. Africa
3. Europe
4. Australia

Answer: 2. Africa

Question 16. The ‘Luddite Riot’ broke out in ____________.

1. England
2. Spain
3. Portugal
4. France

Answer: 1. England

Question 17. The ‘March of the Blanketeers’ started from _______.

1. Manchester
2. Birmingham
3. Paris
4. Berlin

Answer: 1. Manchester

Question 18. In ________ the monopoly of the East India Company’s trade with India was abolished

1. 1812
2. 1813
3. 1814
4. 1815

Answer: 2. 1813

Question 19. ________ established its supremacy over the Shangtung region.

1. Austria
2. England
3. Germany
4. Russia

Answer: 3. Germany

Question 20. _______ forced China to cede Formosa and other islands.

1. England
2. France
3. Germany
4. Japan

Answer: 4. Japan

Question 21. __________ invented the Telegraph.

1. Samuel Morse
2. John Kay
3. James Watt
4. Humphry Davy

Answer: 1. Samuel Morse

Question 22. The Battle of __________ marked the beginning of the colonial rule of the British in India

1. Travancore
2. Plassey
3. Buxar
4. Daniela

Answer: 2. Plassey

Question 23. In __________ Queen Victoria assumed the title of the Empress of India

1. 1875
2. 1876
3. 1877
4. 1878

Answer: 3. 1877

Question 24. ________ named India as the brightest jewel in the crown of the British Empire.

1. David Livingstone
2. Karl Marx
3. Lord Mountbatten
4. Benjamin Disraeli

Answer: 1. Benjamin Disraeli

Question 25. _______ was killed in the Sarajevo Incident.

1. Winston Churchill
2. Benjamin Franklin
3. Franz Ferdinand
4. Gavrilo Princip.

Answer: 3. Franz Ferdinand

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Identify Which Of The Following Is “True ” Or “False”

Question 1. According to Phyllis Deane, the current convention is to date the first Industrial Revolution from 1780.
Answer: True

Question 2. Historians prefer to call it ‘ Industrial Evolution’ instead of ‘Industrial Revolution
Answer: True

Question 3. It is stated that the Industrial Revolution started in France and spread to other European countries later.
Answer: False

Question 4. The spinning Jenny was invented in 1764-65.
Answer: True

Question 5. Water Frame was invented in 1769.
Answer: True

Question 6. The spinning Mule was invented in 1779.
Answer: True

Question 7. Power Loom was invented in 1787.
Answer: True

Question 8. The Steam Engine was invented in 1769.
Answer: True

Question 9. The Steam Locomotive was invented in 1714.
Answer: False

Question 10. German experts went to different European states to help them in their industrial development.
Answer: False

Question 11. The Industrial Revolution couldn’t be successful without a substantial supply of raw materials and a market.
Answer: True

Question 12. America colonized India and England.
Answer: False

Question 13. The British government provided direct help to the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: False

Question 14. The Industrial Revolution changed the way of life of the people in Europe.
Answer: True

Question 15. The emergence of the factory system was due to the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: True

Question 16. The Industrial Revolution had a remarkable impact on the cotton textiles.
Answer: True

Question 17. V.l. Lenin wrote the book, ‘Imperialism is the Highest Stage of Capitalism’.
Answer: True

Question 18. Zollverein was formed in Germany in 1830
Answer: False

Question 19. Africa had a rich reserve of gold, rubies and diamonds.
Answer: True

Question 20. The two significant natural resources for the Industrial Revolution were iron and coal.
Answer: True

Question 21. Tunisia was occupied by the French in 1760.
Answer: False

Question 22. The Industrial Revolution in England occurred before the Agricultural Revolution.
Answer: False

Question 23. Napoleon III reorganized the Bank of France.
Answer: True

Question 24. The ‘Peterloo Massacre’ took place in 1918.
Answer: False

Question 25. Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1925.
Answer: False

Question 26. Mein Kampf was written by Friedrich Engels.
Answer: False

Question 27. Das Kapital was written by Karl Marx.
Answer: True

Question 28. The Communist Manifesto was published in 1848.
Answer: True

Question 29. The period between 1870 to 1914 is known as the ‘Age of Imperialism’.
Answer: True

Question 30. The Portuguese were the first to colonise Malaya.
Answer: True

Question 31. The Hawaiian Islands were occupied by Russia in 1893.
Answer: False

Question 32. Kaiser William II had the dream of establishing the authority of the Teutonic race in the world.
Answer: True

Question 33. The First Opium War was fought between the years 839 to 1842.
Answer: True

Question 34. John Hay declared the ‘Open Door Policy’ in 1914.
Answer: False

Question 35. The period from 1871 to 1913 is regarded as the ‘Age of Armed Peace’.
Answer: True

Question 36. The Treaty of Tientsin was signed in 1856.
Answer: True

Question 37. Alexander Graham Bell invented the Telephone System.
Answer: True

Question 38. Arthur Wellesley was the British General during the Battle of Plassey.
Answer: False

Question 39. Gavrilo Princip was a Slav by nationality.
Answer: True

Question 40. The First World War began on 28th July 1914.
Answer: True

Class 9 WBBSE notes on imperialism and industrialization

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 4 solutions – Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Match Column A with Column B

Question 1.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Question 2.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 3.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 4.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 5.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Question 6.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

Question 7.

Answer: (1) D, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C

Question 8.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

Question 9.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 10.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Question 11.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 12.

Answer: (1) D, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C

Question 13.

Answer: (1) B, (2) D, (3) A, (4) C

Question 14.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Colonialism and Imperialism in Industrial Revolution for WBBSE Class 9

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Select The Correct Option Of The Following Statements

Question 1. Scholars differ in their opinion about the exact meaning of the term, ‘Industrial Revolution’.

1. The Industrial Revolution meant production by machine without the help of human labour.
2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the number of scientific inventions and their industrial application leading to a huge development in quality and quantity in industrial production.
3. The Industrial Revolution refers to the large-scale change in the social, political and economic life of people in Europe in the 18th Century.

Answer: 2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the number of scientific inventions and their industrial application leading to a huge development in quality and quantity in industrial production.

Question 2. England had a substantial supply of raw materials and markets to sell the surplus produce.

1.  England had colonies in America and the Indian subcontinent.
2. The Industrial Revolution began in England first, in Europe.
3. The scientific inventions created a conducive atmosphere for industrial development in England.

Answer: 1. England had colonies in America and the Indian subcontinent.

Question 3. The ‘Protective Policy ‘ was very important for industrial expansion.

1. It protected the industrial labour force.
2. It was a ‘Tariff Act’ protecting machine-made industrial products.
3. It was a policy adopted by France, Russia, and Germany to prevent British goods from hampering their industrial growth.

Answer: 3. It was a policy adopted by France, Russia, and Germany to prevent British goods from hampering their industrial growth.

Question 4. British industrialists took the task of building railroads.

1. It helped them to receive Government help.
2. They had a cheap supply of labour from India.
3. It helped them in the quick movements of raw materials and industrial goods.

Answer: 3. It helped them in the quick movements of raw materials and industrial goods.

Question 5. Industrialisation in France was slow.

1. The French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars made the situation unfit for industrialization.
2. The Bourbon Monarchs were opposed to the idea of industrial growth.
3. The French people were more concerned with their intellectual pursuits.

Answer: 1. The French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars made the situation unfit for industrialization.

Question 6. The actual beginning of Industrialisation in Russia started during the time of Czar Alexander II

1. The previous Czars were opposed to industrial expansion.
2. The construction of railways in 1862 provided the impetus to industrial development in Russia.
3. The abolition of serfdom created an atmosphere for the industry to flourish in Russia.

Answer: 3. The abolition of serfdom created an atmosphere for the industry to flourish in Russia.

Question 7. The Industrial Revolution had a deep social impact.

1. It gave birth to two sections of the population in the society the Capitalist class and the Labour class.
2. Both the factory owners and workers now enjoyed equal status in the society.
3. The middle class became the most important in the society.

Answer: 1. It gave birth to two sections of the population in the society the Capitalist class and the Labour class.

Question 8. As the industries developed the Capitalists amassed huge profits.

1. The industrialists reaped huge economic benefits by exploiting the working class.
2. Huge incentives were provided by the Governments to expand industrialization.
3. Machine-made products or industrial products being cheap were sold in huge quantities.

Answer: 1. The industrialists reaped huge economic benefits by exploiting the working class.

Question 9. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, cities became more and more crowded.

1. The Capitalists made investments to develop the cities.
2. City life provided freedom to people.
3. The poor peasants from the villages thronged the cities in search of jobs.

Answer: 3. The poor peasants from the villages thronged the cities in search of jobs.

Question 10. The workers became the most important constituent of the factories.

1.  It was because they were large in number.
2.  They were responsible for the production of different kinds of goods at a meagre pay.
3.  The workers were important for they knew about the despicable conditions in the factories.

Answer: 2. They were responsible for the production of different kinds of goods at a meagre pay.

Question 11. Charles Fourier dreamt of a society formed based on a ‘commune’.

1. He dreamt of this system assuming they would be extremely popular in America.
2. He was against personal property and capitalism and wanted to annul them.
3. He wanted to ensure the happiness of the women and children and wanted to set up ‘communes’.

Answer: 2. He was against personal property and capitalism and wanted to annul them.

Question 12. The Luddite Riots took place between 1811 and 1816.

1. The continuous ill effect on the working class community in the factories led to this upheaval.
2. The rural community being affected by the industrial expansion rose in rebellion.
3. The workers united and demanded an equal share of profit from the factory owners.

Answer: 1. The continuous ill effect on the working class community in the factories led to this upheaval.

Question 13. The period from 1870 to 1914 is regarded as the period of Neo-Imperialism.

1. In this period imperialist motives were a result of the French Revolution.
2. This period witnessed an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial power.
3. The concept of Neo-Imperialism emerged as a result of the teachings of Friedrich Engels.

Answer: 2. This period witnessed an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial power.

Question 14. India was called the Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire.

1. India was a colony of the British.
2. India was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution in Europe.
   
3. India was the provider as well as the importer of the goods from England.

Answer: 3. India was the provider as well as the importer of the goods from England.

Question 15. The geographical location of the Suez Canal has great importance.

1. It provides the shortest route through the water between Europe and Asia.
2. It hindered the establishment of new colonies by the Europeans.
3. It separated India from the rest of the world.

Answer: 1. It provides the shortest route through the water between Europe and Asia.

Question 16. The ‘Open Door Policy’ was announced by John Hay in 1899.

1. It put an end to the Opium Wars.
2. It helped in the imperialist policy of America.
3. It upheld the sovereignty of China.

Answer: 3. It upheld the sovereignty of China.

Question 17. The Sarajevo Incident was the immediate cause of the First World War.

1. It was due to the dual alliance that Bismarck entered with Austria-Hungary.
2. The war erupted on the question of controlling the Suez Canal.
3. As a result of the Sarajevo Incident, Austria attacked Serbia.

Answer: 3. As a result of the Sarajevo Incident, Austria attacked Serbia.

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Syllabus

Fascism and Nazism versus Democratic ideals; Outbreak of the Second World War; Locating the main theatres of conflict chronologically with the aid of maps; Discussion on the course of the Second World War using timelines; Struggle between Soviet Russia and Germany.

USA and the Second World War; the impact of Second World War on contemporary World history; Technological changes in war weaponry; Second World War as a truly “global” war; The qualitative and quantitative changes in the destructiveness of war; Aggressive Nationalism versus Internationalism.

Did you know? : Anglo-French policy of appeasement; Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis; Battle of Leningard; The Pearl harbour incident; Hiroshima-Nagasaki.(Contemporary paintings, newspaper reports and cartoons, maps, photographs etc.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

Maps of Europe (in 1939 and 1945), Map on the Second World War locating areas of expansion and its years and dates; Timeline of relevant issues; Comparative diagrams and statistical data related to the expansion and impact of the two World Wars).

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Synopsis

1. Democracy versus Dictatorship :

The Second World War that took place between 1939 and 1945 was in many ways a continuation, after an uneasy 20 years hiatus, of the disputes left unsettled by First World War.

It was a global war that involved the majority of the countries of the world -including the great powers -leading to the formation of two opposing military alliances, namely the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers.

It was also a fight between two political ideologies -Dictatorship and Democracy. The principal belligerents were Germany, Italy and Japan forming the Axis Powers and England, Soviet Union, United States of America, France and China forming the Allied Powers.

2. Causes of Second World War :

The immediate cause of the outbreak of the Second World War was Germany’s attack on Poland on 1st September 1939 and the subsequent declaration of the war against Germany by Britain and France.

Despite the pacifist attempts that were made after the First World War, its aftermath caused revanchist nationalism in many European states and it was most significantly observed in the case of Germany.

The humiliating Treaty of Versailles that tried to undermine her military power and cripple her economy made her look forward for an opportunity to avenge her defeat. Hence it is said that ‘The Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds of the Second World War’.

The Weimar Republic that was formed in Germany after the First World War was weak and it failed to resolve the issues that arose, like the heavy burden of compensation that was imposed upon Germany by the Treaty of Versailles.

As a result inflation, unemployment problems, and heavy taxation became the pressing issues of the hour. It was at this time, Hitler with his fine oratory and shrewd political skill exploited the discontent of his countrymen.

Another crucial event of the period was the Great Depression of 1929 which largely contributed to the rise of Nazism under Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Italy who was on the winning side during the First World War was unable to reap many advantages from it and in the period between 1922 to 1925.

The Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini in Italy abolished democracy, socialism, and liberalism and followed an aggressive expansionist policy with the aim of making Italy a world power.

In the meantime, Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 abolished democracy and adopted radical and racially motivated movements in order to reverse the order of the world.

He secured Germany economically and politically and rejected the Treaty of Versailles (1919). He reorganized the German army, violated the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, embarked upon an aggressive policy towards the neighbouring countries, broke treaties and promises, annexed Austria, annexed Czechoslovakia and went ahead to form the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis in order to disturb the Balance of Power.

The Western democracies like Britain and France were alarmed by the rise of communism and its influence in Eastern Europe and followed a policy of Appeasement.

They remained inactive even at the time when Germany, Italy, and Japan the Axis powers violated the Treaty of Versailles or on important events like German militarization, the annexation of Austria and seizing of the Rhineland by Hitler.

They wanted to avert another war by taking such a stance and even went to the extent of signing the Munich Agreement. Similar policies were adopted against Japan’s occupation of Manchuria and Italy’s annexation of Abyssinia.

3. The outbreak of the Second World War :

The Second World War ensued with the attack of Germany on Poland.

Initially, Germany was gaining success but the turn of events started with Germany’s disastrous Russian campaign which marked the ‘Beginning of the end’ for Nazi Germany.

At the beginning of the war USA maintained a neutral position, But the rise of Fascism and Nazism, the growing influence of Japan the failure of the Disarmament Conference alarmed USA.

The USA amended its Neutrality Policy in 1939 and adopted the ‘Cash and Carry’ policy to help the Allies.

In the meantime, the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt further adopted the Good Neighbour policy, signed a defence treaty with Canada, made military training compulsory for American youths (age 21 to 31) and built military garrisons on Bermuda and Newfoundland. In 1941 the US Senate passed the ‘Lend -Lease Act’ which turned America into the ‘Arsenal of Democracy’.

USA also declared a ‘Shoot -at -Sight’ order on German submarines and warships as German submarines attacked her merchant navy. Thus it was an undeclared war like situation between USA and Germany by the end of 1941.

4. Collapse of the Axis powers :

However, it was Japan’s attack on the US naval base in Pearl Harbour on 7th December 1941 that made USA give up her position of isolation and she declared war on Japan on 8th December 1941. America’s entry into the war on the side of the Allies changed the fate of the war and the win for the Allies became easier.

The fall of Italy deteriorated the condition of the Axis Powers which suffered more after the Operation Overlord in June 1944.

The combined attack by the Red Army and the Anglo-French military force cornered Germany from both the Eastern and the Western Fronts.

With the suicide of Hitler on April 1945, Germany had no other option but to sign the Instrument of Surrender on May 7th 1945.
The Allies now wanted Japan to surrender but Japan paid no heed to that and consequently faced the severe and devastating impact of the atomic bombs that were dropped by USA on her cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

This forced Japan to surrender and sign the Instrument of Surrender on 2nd September 1945, marking the end of the Second World War.

At the end of the war millions of people died, millions became homeless, the European economy declined and the war saw the use of many deadly weapons including the atomic bombs which were extremely destructive.

It was one of the deadliest wars that was ever fought in the world. Soviet Union also was heavily affected by the war.

5. Impact of the Second World War:

The end of the war saw the beginning of a new era -the gradual decline of the European colonial empires and rise of two Super Powers- the Soviet Union and the United States of America. The ideological conflicts between Communist Soviet Union and the Capitalist USA ushered in the period of Cold War.

European politics was then led by the two, one of whom had never been considered as a European nation though it was within Europe itself, and the other who is not even a country of Europe.

Europe got divided into two Blocs – the US-led Western Bloc and a Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. Some nations stayed out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement.

As a result of the war the Allies formed the United Nations Organization on October 1945 with the view of settling global issues through peaceful negotiations.

The end of the war also increased the rate of colonization from the great powers and Vietnam and others became independent over countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, over the years.

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Important Words With Their Meanings

1. Appeasement
The action or process of appeasing.

2. Pact
A formal agreement between individuals or parties.

3. Neutrality
Impartiality.

4. Aggressive
Ready or likely to attack or confront, characterized by or resulting from aggression.

5. Indemnity
Security or protection against a loss or other financial burden.

6. Qualitative
Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.

7. Quantitative
Relating to, measuring or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality.

8. Destructive
Causing great or irreparable damage.

9. Nuclear weapons
A bomb or missile that uses nuclear energy to cause an explosion.

10. Deliverance
The action of being rescued or set free.

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Names Of Some Important Person

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Some Important Facts

1. Molotov Cocktail

A breakable glass bottle containing a flammable substance such as Petrol, alcohol, napalm-like mixture, with some motor oil added with usually a source of ignition such as a burning cloth wick held in place by the bottle’s stopper is called a ” Molotov Cocktail “.

The name “Molotov Cocktail” was coined by the Finnish during the Winter War.

The name was a derogatory reference to the Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov who was one of the architects of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed between Russia and Germany in the year 1939.

The ” Molotov Cocktail ” (often referred to as the Petrol Bomb ) was widely used by both the Allied and the Axis powers mainly against tanks of each side.

It came to be known as a crude but very effective weapon during the 2nd World War.

2. Dunkirk Evacuation –

Operation Dynamo also known as the “Dunkirk Evacuation” and the “Miracle of Dunkirk” was the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbours of Dunkirk, North of France between 26th May and 4th June 1940.

During the six-week Battle of France, a large number of Belgian, British and French troops were cut off and surrounded by the German Troops on the beaches of Dunkirk.

3. Kamikaze – the Divine Wind

In the closing stages of the Pacific Campaign during the 2nd World War the Japanese unleashed the Kamikaze or Suicide attacks on US and Allied Naval forces.

Kamikaze aircrafts were pilot-guided explosive missiles and the pilots would attempt to crash their aircraft deliberately into Allied ships, especially aircraft carriers.

Japan was suffering from a diminishing capacity of war and they were losing pilots faster than they could replace. This led to the Kamikaze attacks as Allied forces advanced towards the Japanese mainland.

About 3,800 Kamikaze pilots died during the war with more than 7,000 naval personnel dead from such attacks. Over an eight-day period, 3,38,226 soldiers were rescued by a hastily assembled fleet of over 800 vessels.

Little ships of Dunkirk, a flotilla of hundreds of merchant marine boats, fishing boats, pleasure crafts, yachts, and lifeboats came to the rescue.

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called this incident a “colossal military disaster” and “a miracle of deliverance”

4. Chindits

The Long Range Penetration Group, special operations units of the British and Indian Armies were nicknamed the Chindits. The Chindits were the creation of Brigadier Orde Charles Windgate.

They saw action during the Burma Campaign of the 2nd World War during 1943-44.

The Chindits performed long-range penetration raids behind enemy lines attacking Japanese troops, facilities and lines of communication.

They had to march through extremely difficult terrain and were often weakened by malaria and dysentery.

There is much debate as to the high casualty rate compared to the military value of the achievements of the Chindits.

5. SAS ( Special Air Service )

The Special Air Service was a British Army Commando unit formed by David Stirling in 1941 originally known as the “L Detachment”.

The unit achieved great success in operating behind enemy lines during the North Africa Campaign against the Germans and the Italians.

Assisted by the Long Range Desert Groups they created havoc amongst the Germans and were successful in attacking and destroying several German aircraft, men and machinery.

They also fought in Italy and carried out operations supporting the Allied advance into France, Belgium, the Netherlands and eventually into

Germany on the Western front. The success of the SAS led other countries in the world to create such Special forces and the SAS still counts as one of most efficient Special forces in the world.

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Immediately after the First World War, it appeared that an age of _________ had dawned

1. Democracy
2. Socialism
3. Capitalism
4. Communism.

Answer: 1. Democracy

Question 2. In 1920 most of the European nations except _______ were democratic

1. England
2. Russia
3. Belgium
4. France

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 3. _________ was one of the features of Fascism.

1. Liberalism
2. Democracy
3. Nationalism
4. Equality

Answer: 3. Nationalism

Question 4. The German invasion of _______ marked the beginning of the Second World War.

1. Austria
2. Russia
3. France
4. Poland

Answer: 4. Poland

Question 5. ________ the US President, mentioned in his ‘Fourteen Point Principle’ the right to self-rule.

1. Woodrow Wilson
2. H.C Hoover
3. F.D Roosevelt
4. Richard Nixon

Answer: 1. Woodrow Wilson

Question 6. The New Deal Policy was announced by the US President ________.

1. Woodrow Wilson
2. H.C Hoover
3. F.D Roosevelt
4. Richard Nixon

Answer: 3. F.D Roosevelt

Question 7. Italy joined Germany and Japan on ________, 1937 and the Rome-Berlin —Tokyo-Axis was formed

1. 6th November
2. 7th November
3. 8th November
4. 9th November

Answer: 1. 6th November

Question 8. Adolf Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway in ________.

1. 1939
2. 1940
3. 1941
4. 1942

Answer: 2. 1940

Question 9. Adolf Hitler made a simultaneous attack on Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg on ________.

1. 1940
2. 1941
3. 1942
4. 1943

Answer: 1. 1940

Question 10. Winston Churchill signed the Anglo-Soviet Agreement on ________.

1. 1937
2. 1939
3. 1941
4. 1943

Answer: 3. 1941

Question 11. The ‘Scorched Earth Policy’ was adopted by _________.

1. Italy
2. Hungary
3. Germany
4. Russia

Answer: 4. Russia

Question 12. ________ attacked the US naval base in Pearl Harbour on 7th December 1941.

1. Japan
2. Hungary
3. Italy
4. Germany.

Answer: 1. Japan

Question 13. The atomic bomb dropped at Nagasaki killed _____ civilians.

1. 20,000
2. 30,000
3. 40,000
4. 50,000

Answer: 3. 40,000

Question 14. The Second World War continued for a period of _______ years.

1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6

Answer: 4. 6

Question 15. The ideological conflict between the capitalist power USA and the Socialist power USSR is known as the ______.

1. Phony War
2. Blitzkrieg
3. Cold War
4. World War

Answer: 3. Cold War

Question 16. The Second World War officially ended on _______.

1. 8th May 1945
2. 18th May 1945
3. 25th May 1945
4. 31st May 1945

Answer: 1. 8th May 1945

Question 17. ________ pointed out that ‘the Second World War was a good war’.

1. Eric Hobsbawm
2. E. H. Carr
3. A.J.P. Taylor
4. David Thomson

Answer: 3. A.J.P. Taylor

Question 18. In 1934, Adolf Hitler took the title of _________.

1. Kaiser
2. II Duce
3. Fuhrer
4. Czar

Answer: 3. Fuhrer

Question 19. Hideki Tojo was the Prime Minister of _________.

1. Poland
2. Hungary
3. Czechoslovakia
4. Japan

Answer: 4. Japan

Question 20. Maginot Line was built in _________.

1. Spain
2. France
3. Japan
4. Poland

Answer: 2. France

Question 21. Haile Selassie was the emperor of _________.

1. Spain
2. Ethiopia
3. Syria
4. Poland

Answer: 2. Ethiopia

Question 22. The atom bomb named _________ was dropped at Nagasaki.

1. Little Girl
2. Little Boy
3. Fat Man
4. Fat Woman

Answer: 3. Fat Man

Question 23. The atom bomb named _________ was dropped at Hiroshima

1. Little Girl
2. Little Boy
3. Fat Man
4. Fat Woman

Answer: 2. Little Boy

Question 24. Albert Einstein was a _______.

1. Christian
2. Zoroastrian
3. Jew
4. Muslim

Answer: 3. Jew

Question 25. The Munich Pact was signed between the leaders of ________ nations.

1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

Answer: 2. 4

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Identify Which Of The Following Is “True” Or “False”

Question 1. The Second World War broke out on 1st September 1939.
Answer: True

Question 2. Around 50 million people died and nearly 40 million people were wounded in the Second World War.
Answer: True

Question 3. In 1920, Russia was the only democratic state in Europe.
Answer: False

Question 4. The Treaty of Versailles is regarded as one of the reasons for the Second World War.
Answer: True

Question 5. Democracy never allowed any mutual regard and compromise.
Answer: False

Question 6. Aggressive nationalism is one of the features of Fascism.
Answer: True

Question 7. Appeasement was a form of foreign policy that tried to avoid war.
Answer: True

Question 8. In 1939, Hitler occupied the whole of Czechoslovakia.
Answer: True

Question 9. In 1930, the Munich Pact was signed.
Answer: False

Question 10. Adolf Hitler was the ‘Father of Nazism’
Answer: True

Question 11. Benito Mussolini was the ‘Father of Fascism’.
Answer: True

Question 12. Daladier was the Foreign Secretary of Italy.
Answer: False

Question 13. The Anglo-French policy of appeasement failed to prevent war.
Answer: True

Question 14. E.H. Carr called the Treaty of Versailles a ‘dictated peace’.
Answer: True

Question 15. Kaiser William II was known as the third Bismarck of Germany.
Answer: False

Question 16. Woodrow Wilson mentioned the right to self¬rule in his ‘Fourteen Points Principle’.
Answer: True

Question 17. The Allies signed the Munich Agreement in matters regarding Czechoslovakia.
Answer: True

Question 18. In 1939, the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis was formed.
Answer: False

Question 19. On November 25th 1936, Germany and Japan concluded the Anti-Comintern Pact.
Answer: True

Question 20. The first instance of Anglo-French appeasement was the Anschluss.
Answer: True

Question 21. Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister of Britain.
Answer: True

Question 22. Hitler signed the ‘Ten-Year Non-Agression Pact’ with Italy.
Answer: False

Question 23. Russia occupied Finland on 30th November 1939.
Answer: True

Question 24. Hitler attacked Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg on 10th May 1940.
Answer: True

Question 25. Paul Reynaud was the Prime Minister of France.
Answer: True

Question 26. Japan attacked Manchuria in 1929.
Answer: False

Question 27. Hitler followed the policy of Pan-Germanism.
Answer: True

Question 28. One of the central principles of Fascism was economic self-sufficiency.
Answer: True

Question 29. The government of Marshal Petain was known as the Vichy Government.
Answer: True

Question 30. On 15th August 1943, nearly a thousand Luftwaffe launched a series of raids on England.
Answer: True

Question 31. The Anglo-Soviet Treaty was signed in 1939.
Answer: False

Question 32. Hitler called his invasion of Russia, ‘Operation Sea Lion’.
Answer: False

Question 33. The ‘Lend-Lease Act’ was passed by the U.S. Senate.
Answer: True

Question 34. From 1st October 1941 to 1st July 1942 USA sent 400 aeroplanes to Russia.
Answer: True

Question 35. The Russian Red Army was led by Martial Voroshilov during the Second World War.
Answer: True

Question 36. In 1941, Pearl Harbour was attacked by Russia.
Answer: False

Question 37. USA entered the Second World War in 1941.
Answer: True

Question 38. Hideki Tojo was the Prime Minister of Japan.
Answer: True

Question 39. The Anglo-American force landed on the coast of Normandy on the ‘D-Day’.
Answer: True

Question 40. In August 1945, Mussolini was shot and killed.
Answer: False

Question 41. Hitler married Eva Braun.
Answer: True

Question 42. Only 36 hours after his wedding Hitler committed suicide.
Answer: True

Question 43. The USA dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
Answer: True

Question 44. The Battle of Leningrad is also known as the Seize of Leningrad.
Answer: True

Question 45. Pearl Harbour was in Japan.
Answer: False

Question 46. The Second World War is regarded as a really ‘global war’.
Answer: True

Question 47. The United Nations Organization helped in the growth of internationalism.
Answer: True

Question 48. The growth of international terrorism in the present world is a danger to the spirit of internationalism.
Answer: True

Question 49. The colonial empires of Britain and France disappeared after the Second World War.
Answer: True

Question 50. Japan surrendered on 2nd September 1945.
Answer: True

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Match Column A With Column B

Question 1.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) b, (4) a

Question 2.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 3.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 4.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

Question 5.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 6.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) b, (4) a

Question 7.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) b, (4) a

Question 8.

Answer: (1) b, (2) a, (3) d, (4) c

Question 9.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 10.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 11.

Answer: (1) b, (2) d, (3) a, (4) c

Question 12.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 13.

Answer: (1) d, (2) c, (3) b, (4) a

Question 14.

Answer: (1) c, (2) a, (3) d, (4) b

Question 15.

Answer: (1) b, (2) a, (3) d, (4) c

Question 16.

Answer: (1) c, (2) a, (3) d, (4) b

Question 17.

Answer: (1) b, (2) d, (3) a, (4) c

Question 18.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) b, (4) a

Question 19.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 20.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

WBBSE Chapter 6 The Second World War And Its Aftermath Select The Correct Option Of The Following Statements

Question 1. The Second World War is called a global war.

1. Most of the countries in the world were involved in this war.
2. It brought about a qualitative change like the war.
3. The involvement of Japan in the war made it a global war.

Answer: 1. Most of the countries in the world were involved in this war.

Question 2. Germany invaded Poland on 1st September 1939.

1.  It was an expansionist policy of Adolf Hitler.
2. It was the immediate cause of the Second World War.
3.  It was a sign of the autarchy of Germany.

Answer: 2. It was the immediate cause of the Second World War.

Question 3. After the First World War, it seemed an age of democracy had dawned in Europe.

1. It was because the European nations rejected Communism.
2. It was because democracy envisaged the extension of voting rights.
3. It was because all the states in Europe were moving towards parliamentary politics.

Answer: 3. It was because all the states in Europe were moving towards parliamentary politics.

Question 4. Twenty years after the First World War most European states were under dictatorship.

1. Democracy wanted to strengthen the power of the parliament which was opposed by the people.
2. The democratic concept of ‘mutual regard and compromise’ was rejected by the mass
3. The rise of extremely charismatic dictators paved the way for the growth of dictatorial rule in Europe.

Answer: 2. The democratic concept of ‘mutual regard and compromise’ was rejected by the mass

Question 5. Mussolini annexed and occupied Abyssinia.

1. The people of Abyssinia welcomed Fascist rule.
2. Mussolini made special deals with England and France and won a victory in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.
3. It was Mussolini’s protest against the economic sanctions imposed upon her by the League of Nations.

Answer: 2. Mussolini made special deals with England and France and won a victory in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.

Question 6. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini supported General Franco in the Spanish Civil War.

1. Both of them found a Fascist Comrade in General Franco.
2. Both of them followed a policy of ‘Appeasement’ with Spain.
3. Both of them ignored Britain and France in this way.

Answer: 2. Both of them found a Fascist Comrade in General Franco.

Question 7. Both the Western democracies and the Nazi groups were not in favour of Russia.

1. They were against Russia because of her absence from the League of Nations.
2. They were against the different political ideology that Russia nurtured called Socialism.
3. They were against the Russian Red Army.

Answer: 2. They were against the different political ideology that Russia nurtured called Socialism.

Question 8. The Treaty of Versailles helped in the emergence of the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler in Germany.

1. The Treaty of Versailles reduced the military strength of Germany.
2. The Treaty of Versailles was humiliating for Germany.
3. The Nazi Party under Hitler vented their anger against the Treaty of Versailles and disregarded the clauses of the treaty one by one.

Answer: 3. The Nazi Party under Hitler vented their anger against the Treaty of Versailles and disregarded the clauses of the treaty one by one.

Question 9. Britain and France adopted a policy of appeasement with Germany.

1. Britain and France became weak after the First World War and were not in a position to check the growing power of Germany under Hitler.
2. They adopted this policy to avoid a big confrontation.
3. They were inspired by the Nazi rule of Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Answer: 1. They adopted this policy to avoid a big confrontation.

Question 10. The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was formed in 1937.

1. The main purpose of the pact was to thwart Russia and Communism.
2. They formed this axis to disregard the Treaty of Versailles.
3. They formed the axis to sever their connection with the League of Nations.

Answer: 1. The main purpose of the pact was to thwart Russia and Communism.

Question 11. The Anglo-Soviet Agreement was signed in 1941.

1. Winston Churchill signed this agreement to avoid any Russo-German alliance.
2. By the treaty, it was decided that both England and Russia would Jointly resist Germany.
3. By the Treaty Winston Churchill agreed to send warplanes to Russia.

Answer: 2. By the treaty it was decided that both England and Russia would Jointly resist Germany.

Question 12. The ‘Lend-Lease Act was passed by the U.S. Senate.

1. By this Act, the USA allowed England to supply food and weapons to her colonies.
2. The Act allowed the USA to establish its supremacy in Europe.
3. It was a program under which the United States supplied food, oil and other materials to England, France, Soviet Union and other Allied Nations between 1941 to 1945.

Answer: 3. It was a program under which the United States supplied food, oil and other materials to England, France, the Soviet Union and other Allied Nations between 1941 to 1945.

Question 13. The Battle of Stalingrad is a memorable chapter in the history of the Second World War.

1. It was the first major German loss during the Second World War.
2. The Nazis had great success and captured about 800,000 square kilometres of Russian territory.
3. Hitler launched this attack on Russia to destroy her.

Answer: 1. It was the first major German loss during the Second World War.

Question 14. The USA joined the Second World War in 1941.

1. The USA joined the war on the side of the Allied due to the repeated insistence of England and France.
2. Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbour prompted her to join the war.
3. The interest of the USA in the Far East made her join the war.

Answer: 2. Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbour prompted her to join the war.

Question 15. The USA dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1. In this way, USA took her revenge for the Pearl Harbour Incident,
2. As Japan paid no heed to the Allies’ demand for surrender, the USA dropped atomic bombs in two of her cities.
3. In this way, the USA showed its military strength to the rest of the world.

Answer: 2. As Japan paid no heed to the Allies’ demand for surrender, the USA dropped atomic bombs in two of her cities.

Question 16. The Cold War began after the end of the Second World War.

1. It saw the division of the world into three categories First World, Second World and Third World.
2. It heralded technological and tactical changes in the warfare.
3. The ideological conflict between the capitalist USA and communist Russia marked the beginning of the Cold War.

Answer: 3. The ideological conflict between the capitalist USA and communist Russia marked the beginning of the Cold War.

Question 17. 6th June 1944 is regarded as the D-Day.

1. On this day the Allies utilized more than 5,000 ships and landing craft to land more than 150,000 troops on five beaches in Normandy.
2. It was on this day Mussolini was shot and killed.
3. This day ended the Second World War.

Answer: 1. On this day the Allies utilized more than 5,000 ships and landing craft to land more than 150,000 troops on five beaches in Normandy.

Question 18. India, Pakistan, Algeria, and Nigeria emerged as independent countries.

1. The Cold War led to the emergence of these independent nations.
2. The destruction of the war made European countries like England and France very weak.
3. After the Second World War, the colonial empires of Britain and France disappeared.

Answer: 3. After the Second World War the colonial empires of Britain and France disappeared.

Question 19. After 1945 it was clear that the two superpowers would enjoy a great influence on global matters.

1. Europe was destined for some years of poverty.
2. The Second World War resulted in the emergence of the USA and USSR as major world powers.
3. After 1945 the world was relieved from the evils of Fascism.

Answer: 3. The Second World War resulted in the emergence of the USA and USSR as major world powers.

Question 20. The United Nations Organization was formed on 24th October 1945.

1. It was formed to end the Second World War.
2. It was formed to act as a bulwark against any further progress of aggressive nationalism
3. It was formed by world leaders to solve global problems peacefully through negotiations.

Answer: 2. It was formed by world leaders to solve global problems peacefully through negotiations.

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History  Group A

Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. Louis XVI was sentenced to death for

1. Act of misconduct
2. Act of plundering
3. Act of murder
4. Act Of Treason

Answer: (4) Act Of Treason

Question 2. Name the poet who came to Paris in search of the meaning of Liberty:

1. William Wordsworth
2. William Shakespeare
3. John Keats
4. Lord Byron

Answer: (1) William Wordsworth

Question 3. Montesquieu was a famous philosopher from –

1. Russia
2. France
3. Spain
4. Britain

Answer: (2) France

Question 4. Napoleon established the —

1. British Museum
2. Indian Museum
3. Louvre Museum
4. American Museum.

Answer: (3) Louvre Museum

Question 5. When was the Berlin Decree signed?

1. 1801
2. 1803
3. 1805
4. 1806

Answer: (4) 1806

Question 6. When was Corsica annexed by France?

1. 1766
2. 1767
3. 1768
4. 1789

Answer: (3) 1768

Question 7. When did the February Revolution in France take place?

1. 1830
2. 1848
3. 1859
4. 1890

Answer: (2) 1848

Question 8. Bismarck successfully waged war against Denmark in-

1. 1862
2. 1861
3. 1864
4. 1868

Answer: (3) 1864

Question 9. The Treaty of Adrianople was signed in —

1. 1829
2. 1830
3. 1831
4. 1832

Answer: (1) 1829

Question 10. Who first used the term ‘Industrial Revolution’?

1. C.Beard
2. Auguste Blanqui
3. Karl Karx
4. Arnold Toynbee

Answer: (2) Auguste Blanqui

Question 11. When did the ‘Peterloo Massacre’ take place?

1. 1800
2. 1812
3. 1819
4. 1820

Answer: (3) 1819

Question 12. Which country established dominance over the Shantung region?

1. Germany
2. Russia
3. France
4. England

Answer: (1) Germany

Question 13. What does the Russian word ‘narod’ mean?

1. The ruler
2. The leader
3. Peasantry
4. Clergy

Answer: (3) peasantry

Question 14. By what name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov better known as?

1. Trotsky
2. Stalin
3. Kerensky
4. Lenin

Answer: (4) Lenin

Question 15. Who defeated Russia in the Battle of Tannenberg?

1. Serbia
2. Turkey
3. Canada
4. Germany

Answer: (4) Germany

Question 16. In which year Germany and Japan conclude the Anti-Commintern Pact?

1. 1935
2. 1936
3. 1937
4. 1938

Answer: (2) 1936

Question 17. Who supported General Franco in the Spanish Civil War?

1. Chamberlain
2. Roosevelt
3. Daladier
4. Hitler

Answer: (4) Hitler

Question 18. Who occupied Czechoslovakia in 1939?

1. Italy
2. England
3. Germany
4. France

Answer: (3) Germany

Question 19. How many judges are appointed by the International Court of Justice?

1. 8
2. 10
3. 12
4. 15

Answer: (4) 15

Question 20. In which conference was the draft proposal of the UN Charter prepared?

1. Potsdam Conference
2. Dumbarton Oaks Conference
3. Yalta Conference
4. San Francisco Conference.

Answer: (2) Dumbarton Oaks Conference

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Group B

Answer the following questions :

Attempt one question from each sub-groups, in all answer 16 questions.

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Sub-Group 2.1

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence.

Question 1. Who was Marie Antoinette?
Answer: Marie Antoinette was the Queen of the Bourbon Monarch of France Louis XVI.

Question 2. When was the Rome-Berlin Tokyo Axis formed?
Answer: The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was formed in 1937.

Question 3. What is the meaning of the term Bolshevik?
Answer: The term Bolshevik means the majority.

Question 4. When did the World Economic Depression take place?
Answer: The World Economic Depression took place in 1929.

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Sub-Group 2.2

Identify which of the following is ‘True’ or ‘False’

Question 1. Bastille was the fortress -prison in the city of Berlin.
Answer: False

Question 2. Danton was one of the leaders of the Jacobin Party.
Answer: True

Question 3. The Spanish Civil War is regarded as the dress rehearsal for the Second World War.
Answer: True

Question 4. Martial Voroshilov was a famous Japanese General
Answer: False

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Sub-Group 2.3

Match Column A With Column B

Answer: (1) b, (2) a, (3) d, (4) c

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Sub-Group 2.4

On the given outline map of India, locate and label the following places :

1. Birthplace of Napoleon
2. Moscow
3. Confederation of the Rhine
4. Capital of Austria, Vienna

OR (Only for Blind Students)

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Fill In The Blanks.

Question 1. Napoleon married _______ the widow of a revolutionary general.
Answer: Josephine Beauharnais.

Question 2. __________ introduced the ‘Doctrine of Career open to Talent’.
Answer: Napolean.

Question 3. In the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was defeated by ________.
Answer: Duke of Willington.

Question 4. The Treaty of Prague was signed in _________.
Answer: 1866.

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History  Sub-Group 2.5

Select the correct Options of the following statements

Question 1. Alexander II is regarded as, ‘Czar the Liberator’.

1. He freed the serfs from the age-old custom of exploitation and torture of their feudal lords.
2. He supported the Russian nationalists in forming secret societies.
3. He withdrew all press censorship.

Answer: 1. He freed the serfs from the age-old custom of exploitation and torture of their feudal lords.

Question 2. The workers became the most important constituent of the factories.

1. It was because they were large in number.
2. They were responsible for the production of different kinds of goods at a meagre pay.
3. The workers were important for they had knowledge of the despicable condition in the factories.

Answer: 2. They were responsible for the production of different kinds of goods at a meagre pay.

Question 3. The geographical location of the Suez Canal has great importance.

1. It provides the shortest route through the water between Europe and Asia.
2. It helped in the establishment of new colonies to the Europeans.
3. It separated India from the rest of the world.

Answer: 1. It provides the shortest route through the water between Europe and Asia.

Question 4. The Cold War began after the end of the Second World War.

1. It saw the division of the world into three categories, First World, Second World and the Third World.
2. It heralded technological and tactical changes in warfare.
3. The ideological conflict between the capitalist USA and Communist Russia marked the beginning of the Cold War.

Answer: 3. The ideological conflict between the capitalist USA and Communist Russia marked the beginning of the Cold War.

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History  Group C

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences only

1. Who was Neckar?
2. What is the civil constitution of the clergy?
3. What do you know about the Battle of the Pyramids?
4. Which incident is regarded as the 18th Brumaire?
5. When and what were the four ordinances issued by Charles X?
6. What were the main objectives of the Principle of Legitimacy?
7. How were the women and children affected by the Industrial Revolution?
8. What is known as ‘Bloody May Week’?
9. Why did the Decembrist Revolt end in failure?
10. Who was Rasputin?
11. What were the terms of the Molotov- Ribbentrop Pact?
12. Why did Japan leave the League of Nations?
13. What are the functions of the Economic and Social Council of the U.N.O.?
14. What do you know about the General Assembly of the League of Nations?

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Group D

Answer the following questions in seven or eight sentences each.

Attempt one question from each sub-group. Answer six questions in all.

Sub-Group: D1

1. Discuss why France was called a ‘Museum of economic errors’.
2. What is September Massacre?

Sub-Group: D2

3. Write a note on the Battle of Trafalgar
4. Why did the people of the Iberian Peninsula oppose Napoleon?

Sub-Group: D3

5. What were the causes of the failure of the February Revolution of 1848 in France?
6. Write a note on the Quadruple Alliance.

Sub-Group: D4

7. Why did industrialization in Germany start at a later date?
8. How did radical nationalism give birth to colonial rivalry and led to the First World War?

Sub-Group: D5

9. Write a note on Hoover’s Moratorium
10. How was Italy affected by the Great Depression?

Sub-Group: D6

11. Write a note on the Munich Pact. (1938)
12. Why was France defeated by Germany in 1940?

Third Summative Evaluation Fundamentals Of History Group E

Answer any one question in fifteen or sixteen sentences.

1. How did imperialism affect China?
2. Discuss the causes of the Russian Revolution.
3. What was known as the Directory? What were the causes behind the fall of the Directory?

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Syllabus

Russia :

From Tsarism to Socialism; Russian Revolution (1917) :

Social-Economic-Political background; Brief overview of the Russian Revolution with a timeline; Influence of the Russian Revolution on the contemporary social, political, and economic world.

A brief outline of the events of the First World War; International relations in the context of World War And the 14 point principles; The economic implications of the Treaty of Versailles; League of Nations; The Great Depression of 1929 and its impact in contemporary Europe and the USA; The substitution of Europe by the USA as the power center of the world.

Correlation between the Settlement of Versailles and the growth of aggressive nationalism; Economic crisis as a consequence of the Great Depression and the rise of Fascist and Nazi powers in Italy and Germany; The Spanish Civil War and the struggle between supporters and opponents of Fascism.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

Did you Know? : Narodnik Movement; Lenin and his thought; NEP; Weimar Republic; Hoover Moratorium; Fascism and Nazism; Politics, Economics, and Racism; Spanish Civil War and progressive movements in India.

(Contemporary paintings, newspaper reports, and cartoons, maps, photographs, etc. Maps of Russia (in 1917), Europe (in 1919 and 1930); Timeline of relevant issues; Diagrams and Statistical data wherever possible).

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Synopsis

1. From Czarism to Socialism in Russia:

Europe in the twentieth century was described by Historian E. J. Hobsbawm as the ‘Age of Extremes’.

The whole world was entangled by the devastating war and its consequences. Also, there were democratic aspirations growing in the midst of rising Fascist power and domination of a single leader. Fascism fostered the ideologies of unquestioned power and feelings of hatred for other people.

The twentieth Century witnessed the establishment or implementation of the concepts of socialism and communism. Protests in Russia against the autocratic Czars and the exploitations of the aristocrats started brewing from the 19th Century which gradually came into the open during the rule of Czar Nicholas II (1894 to 1917).

The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) culminated in the Revolution of 1905 which was ruthlessly suppressed by the Czarist government but it was the ‘dress rehearsal for the Revolution of 1917’.

The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War exposed the weakness of the Czar and Russia’s participation in the First World War resulted in great miseries to the people.

By 1917 more and more people of Russia leaned towards the Bolshevik Party and got attracted towards their promise of – bread to the workers, peace to the army, and land to the peasants.

In February 1917 the first movement was launched against the Czarist rule. A Provisional Government was formed under Alexander Kerensky the leader of the Menshevik Party for a brief period which was overthrown by the Bolshevik Party under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin in November 1917.

The Great Revolution that took place in Russia is known as the Bolshevik Revolution or November Revolution or the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution had a far-reaching impact not only in Russia but across the world.

World politics was now divided into two sections- Capitalists and the Socialists. It also initiated the age of nationalist struggle against the colonial domination.

2. The First World War:

The Sarajevo Incident led to the immediate outbreak of the First World War (1914) which continued for four years and ended with the surrender of Germany(1918).

The First World War was a total war that was fought in the land, water, and air, involving most of the nations of Europe and destroying innumerable lives and properties across the world.

The First World War was fought between the Allied Powers formed with France, Britain, Italy, Russia, and Serbia and the Central Powers formed with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey.

3. Paris Peace Conference :

Upon the surrender of Germany on 11th November 1918 the Allies and representatives of 32 friendly nations attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 where after much discussion and consideration the Allies signed five treaties with the defeated States.

The most important of these treaties was the Treaty of Versailles which aimed at crippling Germany in such a way so that it could never raise its head again in Europe. German historians called this treaty ‘dictated peace’ and this humiliation made Germany look for an opportunity to avenge this insult.

Hence it is said the Treaty of Versailles contained the seeds of the Second World War. The ravages of the First World War affected all including the common people to the astute statesmen and it was natural for the world leaders to find ways to establish peace in the world.

Thus the US President Woodrow Wilson came up with his ‘Fourteen Points’ to bring in peace, to save democracy, and to reconstruct Europe. This eventually led to the establishment of an international peace organization or the League of Nations as it came to be known as.

4. Fascism in Italy :

In Italy, a political, social, and economic crisis occurred after the end of the First World War which struck a blow to the democratic system that was there in the country. Political instability was very common in post-war Italy and at this moment of anarchy, a new leader named Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919.

5. The Great Depression in the USA and contemporary Europe :

Another significant event of the twentieth century was the Great Depression of 1929. The economic crisis that ensued spread from the USA to Europe and had a profound impact on every part of the world.

6. Nazism in Germany :

Germany who at that time depended much on American investments and loans was hard hit. The economic crisis made the German people lose their faith in democracy and the Republican government.

Taking advantage of the situation the Nazi Party under Hitler drew people towards them. So the Great Depression helped the Nazi Party to come to power in Germany.

7. The Spanish Civil War :

The dictatorial rule of the Fascists like Benito Mussolini of Italy and Adolf Hitler of Germany inspired General Franco of Spain who revolted against the Popular Front Government. General Franco emerged victorious in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) with the active support of Hitler and Mussolini both of whom found another Fascist Comrade in him.

Professor David Thomson pointed out that Hitler benefited particularly from the Spanish Civil War. He utilized this opportunity to test his new weapons and warplanes.

The Spanish Civil War is considered as a “dress rehearsal for the Second World War”. The Spanish Civil War also exposed the weakness and ineffectiveness of the League of Nations.

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Important Words With Their Meanings

1. Dynasty
A line of hereditary rulers of a country

2. Conference
A formal meeting of people that takes place over several days

3. Allied
Joined by or relating to members of an alliance

4. Dictator
A ruler with total power over a country or one who has obtained control through use of force

5. Armistice
An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain period; a truce

6. Reparation
The action for making amends for a wrong one has done, by providing payment or other assistance to those who have been wronged.

7. Indemnity
Security or protection against a loss or other financial burden

8. Disarmament
The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapon

9. CiVil war
A war between citizens of the same country

10. Moratorium
A temporary prohibition of an activity

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Names Of Some Important People

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Chronological Table

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Some Relevant Information

1. On November 6 and 7,1917 the Bolshevik Revolution or Russian Revolution took place led by the Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin.

According to the Julian calendar, the dates were the 24th or 25th of October so the event is often referred as the October Revolution.

2. Leon Trotsky was a Soviet revolutionary, Marxist theorist, and politician whose particular strain of Marxist thought is known as Trotskyism.

3. Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin-

A conservative statesman of Russia who after the Russian Revolution of 1905 introduced agrarian reforms to improve the legal and economic status of the peasants and also the general economy and political stability of Russia.

4. A brief history of Jews under the Nazi Rule –

The history of Jews in Germany dates back to the Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. The Jewish Community in Germany started being prosecuted after the Nazis took power in 1933 and began implementing their Anti-Semitic policies and ideology.

In 1935 and 1936 the prosecution of the Jews increased. They were banned from all professional jobs and prevented from participating in education, politics, higher education, and industry.

The most famous incident in the persecution of the Jews occurred on the night of November 9-10 1938. Jewish shops and offices were smashed and vandalized, many synagogues were destroyed by the SS ( Schutzstaffel ).

The Incident came to be known as the Night of the Broken Glass ( Kristallnacht ). Almost 60% of the Jewish Population emigrated during the first 6 years of Nazi Rule. About 214000 Jews were left in Germany on the eve of the Second World War.

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. From 1547, the Russian kings were known as the ______.

1. Czars
2. Sultan
3. Kaiser
4. Badshah

Answer: 1. Czars

Question 2. The Romanov dynasty ruled ______.

1. China
2. Russia
3. Japan
4. Turkey

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 3. The last Czar of Russia was ______.

1. Alexander 2
2. Nicholas 1
3. Nicholas 2
4. Ivan 4

Answer: 3. Nicholas 2

Question 4. The Czarist autocracy reached its height at the time of ______.

1. Nicholas 1
2. Nicholas 2
3. Alexander 2
4. Alexander 3

Answer: 4. Alexander 3

Question 5. The meaning of Narodnaya Volya is

1. People’s Will
2. God’s Will
3. Worker’s Will
4. Children’s Will

Answer: 1. People’s Will

Question 6. _______ was the proponent of the April Thesis.

1. Stalin
2. Lenin
3. Trotsky
4. Mussolini

Answer: 2. Lenin

Question 7. The Nihilist Movement in Russia expanded at the time of _______.

1. Alexander 1
2. Alexander 2
3. Alexander 3
4. Ivan 4

Answer: 2. Alexander 2

Question 8. The German currency is known as _______.

1. Yen
2. Pound
3. Deutsche Mark
4. Dollar

Answer: 3. Deutsche Mark

Question 9. The American share market crashed on ________.

1. 24th October 1929
2. 25th October 1929
3. 26th October 1929
4. 27th October 1929

Answer: 1. 24th October 1929

Question 10. Herbert Hoover became the President of the USA in ________.

1. 1924
2. 1925
3. 1927
4. 1929

Answer: 1. 24th October 1929

Question 11. Rasputin was a ________ .

1. Politician
2. Actor
3. Poet
4. Monk

Answer: 4. Monk

Question 12. According to Lenin the Revolution of _______ was a dress rehearsal of the Revolution of 1917.

1. 1905
2. 1907
3. 1912
4. 1914

Answer: 1. 1905

Question 13. Pravda was considered to be the mouthpiece of the _________.

1. Nazis
2. Fascists
3. Bolsheviks
4. Mensheviks

Answer: 3. Bolsheviks

Question 14. The new Republican Government was established at _________ in Germany, after the First World War

1. Berlin
2. Weimar
3. Munich
4. Dusseldorf

Answer: 2. Weimar

Question 15. In _________ the Weimar Republic was established in Germany.

1. 1914
2. 1917
3. 1919
4. 1921

Answer: 3. 1919

Question 16. ________ introduced the system called ‘War Commission’.

1. Hitler
2. Lenin
3. Mussolini
4. Stalin

Answer: 2. Lenin

Question 17. ________ assumed the title,’Fuhrer’

1. Mussolini
2. General Franco
3. Hitler
4. Alphonso3

Answer: 3. Hitler

Question 18. The general election of ______ in Spain led to the formation of a republican government.

1931

1932

1933

1934

Answer: 1. 1931

Question 19. The ______ flag had a black Swastika symbol.

1. Spanish
2. Russian
3. Italian
4. Nazi

Answer: 4. Nazi

Question 20. The ‘Herrenvolk Theory’ was the brainchild of the

1. Nazis
2. Fascists
3. Communists
4. Socialists.

Answer: 1. Nazis

Question 21. Adolf Hitler was born in a village in _________.

1. Belgium
2. Sweden
3. Austria
4. Denmark

Answer: 3. Austria

Question 22. The Fourteen Point Principles of Woodrow Wilson called for _________.

1. Socialism
2. Nationalism
3. Communism
4. Fascism

Answer: 2. Nationalism

Question 23. The Great Depression of 1929 was due to ________ crisis.

1. Social
2. Religious
3. Economic
4. Political

Answer: 3. Economic

Question 24. Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of __________.

1. Austria
2. Britain
3. Italy
4. Spain

Answer: 2. Britain

Question 25. The Allies got control of _________ percent of Germany’s coal by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

1. 40
2. 50
3. 60
4. 70.

Answer: 1. 40

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Identify Which Of The Following Is “True” Or “False”

Question 1. Mikhail Romanov founded the Romanov Dynasty in Russia in 1613.
Answer: True

Question 2. Ivan IV first assumed the title of Czar in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 3. The Legislative Assembly of Germany was called Duma.
Answer: False

Question 4. Nicholas, I was the last Czar of Russia.
Answer: False

Question 5. Czar Alexander II was assassinated by one of the members of Narodnaya Volya.
Answer: True

Question 6. In the 19th Century Russia, the word ‘narod’ meant peasantry.
Answer: True

Question 7. Czarina Alexandra was the queen of Czar Nicholas II.
Answer: True

Question 8. The writings of Gorky, and Dostoevsky revealed the tyrannical rule of the Czars in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 9. ‘Pravda’ revealed the feelings of the Nazis.
Answer: False

Question 10. Alexander Kerensky was the leader of the Menshevik Party.
Answer: True

Question 11. Lenin presented his April Theses to the Bolshevik workers.
Answer: True

Question 12. Czar Nicholas II resigns on 7th November 1917.
Answer: False

Question 13. The November Revolution was instrumental in bringing the end of the Hohenzollern dynasty of Germany and the Hapsburg dynasty in Austria.
Answer: True

Question 14. Sun Yat-sen of China and Kemal Pasha of Turkey was helped by Russia in their fight for freedom of their countries.
Answer: True

Question 15. M.N.Roy of India attended the second session of the ‘Comintern’ in 1920.
Answer: True

Question 16. In the Battle of Marne (1914), the Germans successfully stopped the French.
Answer: False

Question 17. In 1919, USA joined the Allied Powers of the First World War.
Answer: False

Question 18. On 11th November 1917, Germany surrendered before the Allied Powers.
Answer: False

Question 19. The First World War led to the destruction of property across the world.
Answer: True

Question 20. Woodrow Wilson was the US Foreign Secretary in 1918.
Answer: False

Question 21. Clemenceau, the French Prime Minister led the peace conference in Paris in 1919.
Answer: True

Question 22. In 1919, Orlando was the Italian Premier.
Answer: True

Question 23. The Hoover Moratorium was declared on 1914.
Answer: False

Question 24. The League of Nations was the brainchild of Woodrow Wilson.
Answer: True

Question 25. According to Eric Hobsbawm, the Great Depression was largely responsible in turning Adolf Hitler into a German hero.
Answer: True

Question 26. Benito Mussolini was born in the family of blacksmiths.
Answer: True

Question 27. The symbol of the Fascist Party was a ‘bound bundle of wooden rods’.
Answer: True

Question 28. In 1921, the Fascist Party was formed in Italy.
Answer: False

Question 29. The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street collapsed on 1930.
Answer: False

Question 30. Mussolini edited the newspaper II Popolo.
Answer: True

Question 31. Anton Drexler formed the German Workers’ Party.
Answer: True

Question 32. The German Workers’ Party later came to be known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the Nazi Party.
Answer: True

Question 33. Mein Kampf is regarded as the ‘Bible of the Nazis’.
Answer: True

Question 34. The national anthem, ‘Awakened Germany’ was composed by Wagner.
Answer: True

Question 35. Gestapo was the secret police of the Fascist Party.
Answer: False

Question 36. Alfonso III ruled with the help of the parliament called ‘Cortes’.
Answer: True

Question 37. General Franco was exiled to the British Isles.
Answer: False

Question 38. Primo de Rivera resigned in 1930.
Answer: True

Question 39. The Spanish Civil war had a strong influence on many Indians.
Answer: True

Question 40. The Spanish Civil War is regarded as the ‘dress rehearsal for the Second World War’.
Answer: True

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Match Column A With Column B

Question 1.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 2.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d,  (3) b, (4) a

Question 3.

Answer: (1) b, (2) a, (3) d, (4) c

Question 4.

Answer: (1) d, (2) c, (3) a, (4) b

Question 5.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) b, (4) a

Question 6.

Answer: (1) c, (2) a, (3) d, (4) b

Question 7.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 8.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 9.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 10.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 11.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 12.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 13.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

Question 14.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 15.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

Question 16.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Select The Correct Option Of The Following Statements

Question 1. Czarism had its beginning in Russia even before the Romanov rule started.

1. The Russians adopted the title, Czar from Caesar.
2. Czarism was synonymous with the despotism of the Russian rulers.
3. It was Ivan IV who first took the title of Czar in 1547.

Answer: 3. It was Ivan IV who first took the title of Czar in 1547.

Question 2. The Revolution of 1917in Russia was an event of great importance.

1. It ended serfdom in Russia.
2. It brought about significant changes in the social, political, and economic life of Russia.
3. It transformed Russia into one of the biggest nations in Europe.

Answer: 2. It brought about significant changes in the social, political, and economic life of Russia.

Question 3. Russia under the Czars was a prison house of nations.

1. The Czars imposed repressive policies on the non-Russian people who formed almost 20% of the Russian population.
2. The non-Russians were opposed to the despotic Czars.
3. The non-Russians wanted to uphold the ideas of nationalism much to the dislike of the Czars.

Answer: 1. The Czars imposed repressive policies on the non-Russian people who formed almost 20% of the Russian population.

Question 4. The miseries of the serfs continued in Russia even after the annulment of Serfdom in 1861.

1. Russian Czars often imprisoned them without trial.
2. Almost 2.5 million Russians started working in factories and the serfs were completely neglected.
3. The serfs were poor, they had no right or ownership over land and were dominated by the ‘Mir’.

Answer: 3. The serfs were poor, they had no right or ownership over land and were dominated by the ‘Mir’.

Question 5. The Revolt of1905 in Russia failed.

1. It was nothing more than a skirmish among the peasants and the Russian police.
2. The Czarist rule in Russia brutally destroyed this movement.
3. It was nothing more than an intellectual uprising.

Answer: 2. The Czarist rule in Russia brutally destroyed this movement.

Question 6. Peter the Great was regarded as the ‘Father of Modern Russia’

1. It was during his reign industrialization started in Russia.
2. He ended Czarist rule in Russia.
3. He was the first to take the initiative to modernize Russia.

Answer: 3. He was the first to take the initiative to modernize Russia.

Question 7. In the 60s of the 19th Century, the Narodnik Movement took place in Russia.

1. The movement aimed to murder Czar Alexander 2
2. It was a movement that tried to reach out to the peasants.
3. it was directed to stall the industrialization process in Russia.

Answer: 2. It was a movement that tried to reach out to the peasants.

Question 8. The Russian mystic Rasputin was a hypocrite.

1. He preached revolutionary ideas to the Russian peasants.
2. He secretly supported the Russian intellectuals.
3. He had a great influence on Czarina Alexandra and controlled the administration of Russia.

Answer: 3. He had a great influence on Czarina Alexandra and controlled the administration of Russia.

Question 9. The Revolution of 1905 was a dress rehearsal for the Revolution of 1917.

1. This Revolution helped in achieving some constitutional reforms in Russia.
2. This was a Revolution by the Bolsheviks against the despotic Czar.
3. This Revolution for the first time recognized the demands of the workers.

Answer: 2. This was a Revolution by the Bolsheviks against the despotic Czar.

Question 10. The Bolshevik Government introduced a system called, War Communism.

1. It meant only the members of the Communist Party would go to the war.
2. It meant to appoint the Council of People’s Commissars as an organ of the government.
3. It meant the control of the state on every sphere of economic activities and a military attempt to check counter-revolution and wars.

Answer: 3. It meant the control of the state on each sphere of economic activities and a military attempt to check counter-revolution and wars.

Question 11. In 1917, the resources of the Allied Powers increased greatly.

1. It was by this time Germany became weak.
2. It was the participation of the USA that strengthened the power of the Allies.
3. It was during this time the European economy became quite strong.

Answer: 2. It was the participation of the USA that strengthened the power of the Allies.

Question 12. The Allied Powers failed to rise above the spirit of retaliation.

1. As a result, the ‘Fourteen Points’ of Woodrow Wilson was implemented.
2. The Allied Powers wanted to make the world safe for democracy.
3. The Allied Powers wanted to gain advantages through various concessions and fulfill their national interests.

Answer: 3. The Allied Powers wanted to gain advantages through various concessions and fulfill their national interests.

Question 13. The Bolshevik Revolution had a strong influence on the anti-colonial nationalist movements.

1. Both Sun Yat-sen of China and Kemal Pasha of Turkey received help from Russia in their freedom struggle.
2. It led to the rise of a new political system.
3. The Bolshevik Revolution guaranteed the independence of all nations.

Answer: (1) Both Sun Yat-sen of China and Kemal Pasha of Turkey received help from Russia in their freedom struggle.

Question 14. The German currency, Deutsch Mark lost its worth.

1. The German people wanted to go back to the ‘barter system’.
2. The use of gold coins as their currency was favored by the German people.
3. As the German Government printed more and more paper notes, the value of it dropped.

Answer: 3. As the German Government printed more and more paper notes, the value of it dropped.

Question 15. Lenin was not a ‘textbook Communist’ but a realist.

1. He introduced the New Economic Policy that saved Russia from an economic disaster.
2. He banned all private enterprises.
3. He gave the Russians equal rights and equal status.

Answer: 1. He introduced the New Economic Policy that saved Russia from an economic disaster.

Question 16. The Great Depression helped turn Hitler into a German hero.

The German people being affected by the depression leaned towards despotism and lost faith in democracy.
Aggressive nationalism received a great impetus from the Great Depression.
The Great Depression helped the Nazi Party to gain huge wealth.

Answer: 1. The German people being affected by the depression leaned towards despotism and lost faith in democracy.

Question 17. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and the Central Powers in 1918.

1. Russia stepped out of the First World War by signing this treaty.
2. Russia tried to take the position of a peacemaker by signing this treaty.
3. Russia wanted to stay away from European politics by signing this treaty.

Answer: 1. Russia stepped out of the First World War by signing this treaty.

Question 18. After the Revolution of 1917, there was unprecedented growth in the Russian economy.

1. Russian industries received help from the capitalist countries of Europe.
2. The Revolution ended the exploitation of the workers and peasants which helped in economic development.
3. The introduction of the method of ‘Economic Planning’ helped in the economic growth.

Answer: 3. The introduction of the method of ‘Economic Planning’ helped in economic growth.

Question 19. The First World War was a ‘total war

1. A vast number of people were killed and the war destroyed huge property.
2. The war was fought in the air, in the seas, and on the land and crossed the boundaries of Europe.
3. It was called a ‘total war’ because the USA participated in it.

Answer: 2. The war was fought in the air, in the seas, and on the land and crossed the boundaries of Europe.

Question 20. The November Revolution of Russia can also be called a Socialist Revolution which transformed Russia into a socialist country.

1. The Revolution of 1917 ended the privileges of the church and the aristocracy in Russia.
2. The system of private property was completely abolished in Russia after the Revolution of 1917.
3. The Revolution of 1917 ended Czarist rule in Russia and a new Russian government with Lenin as the President was formed.

Answer: 3. The Revolution of 1917 ended Czarist rule in Russia and a new Russian government with Lenin as the President was formed.

Question 21. The United States of America entered the First World War in 1917.

1. USA joined the war to display her naval power to the rest of the world.
2. By sinking the American merchant ships in early 1917, Berlin compelled the USA to join the war.
3. The USA wanted to establish its control over the rest of the world.

Answer: 2. By sinking the American merchant ships in early 1917, Berlin compelled the USA to join the war.

Question 22. The Allies and representatives from 32 countries met at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.

1. The main aim of the treaty was to truncate the power of Germany.
2. The treaty attempted to ensure peace and security in the world.
3. It was aimed to implement the ‘Fourteen Points’ of Woodrow Wilson.

Answer: 2. The treaty attempted to ensure peace and security in the world.

Question 23. The Treaty of Versailles is considered by German historians as ‘dictated peace’.

1. By this treaty, the Allied powers wanted to reconstruct the map of Europe through peaceful measures.
2. The principal objective of this treaty was the announcement of disarmament.
3. The primary objective of this treaty was to cripple Germany in such a way that it could never raise its head again in the future in Europe.

Answer: 3. The primary objective of this treaty was to cripple Germany in such a way that it could never raise its head again in the future in Europe.

Question 24. 24th October 1929 is remembered in history as the Black Thursday.

1. On this day a large number of people in the USA lost their jobs.
2. It was on this day the American share market crashed.
3. It was from this day USA stopped giving financial help to Europe.

Answer: 3. It was on this day the American share market crashed.

Question 25. The rise of Fascism in Italy was not due to the effect of the Great Economic Depression.

1. It was as early as 1919, that the Fascist Party was formed in Italy under Benito Mussolini.
2. By 1926, all other political parties were banned in Italy.
3. King Victor Emmanuel invited Mussolini to become the Prime Minister on 30th October 1922.

Answer: 1. It was as early as 1919, that the Fascist Party was formed in Italy under Benito Mussolini.

Question 26. Mein Kampf was called the ‘Bible of the Nazis’.

1. it discussed the rise and fall of the Third Reich.
2. It was the political manifesto of the Nazi Party.
3. The book was very popular and about 500,000 copies of the book were sold within five years.

Answer: 2. It was the political manifesto of the Nazi Party.

Question 27. The Spanish Civil War is regarded as a dress rehearsal for the Second World War.

1. It led to the formation of the ‘Popular Front’.
2. Hitler benefitted largely from this war.
3. Almost all the countries of Europe either directly or indirectly got involved in the Spanish Civil War.

Answer: 3. Almost all the countries of Europe either directly or indirectly got involved in the Spanish Civil War.