WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions

WBBSE Chapter 12 Prepositions

Prepositioh কোনো Noun বা Pronoun-এর পূর্বে বসে তার সাথে Sentence-এর অন্য পদগুলির সম্পর্ক বুঝিয়ে দেয়।

নীচের উদাহরণগুলি দেখো :

He came to me

Put it on the table.

Preposition-গুলিকে মোটামুটি নিম্নলিখিতভাবে ভাগ করা যেতে পারে :

1. Prepositions of Time (at, in, on, within, from, to, with, since, for, during, after)

  • at: 6 o’clock, at the moment, at night, at intervals, at the age of 16
  • in: the morning, in the end, in 1988, in a week, in a month’s time on Monday,
  • on: 20th June, on that day.
  • within: a week
  • from: from Sunday to Tuesday, from tomorrow
  • to: a quarter to ten
  • with: a stick, with him.
  • since: ill since Monday last
  • for: for a week, for many days
  • during: during the whole night, during the day
  • after: after a month, after a week.

Read And Learn More WBBSE Class 8 English Functional Grammar

ব্যবহারের তারতম্য :

In, within

সময় নির্দেশ করতে in = at the end of

Examples:

  1. He will come in a week (এক সপ্তাহ পরে)
  2. He will come within a week (এক সপ্তাহ মধ্যে )

After, In

“পরে” অর্থে “after” অতীত কাল নির্দেশ করে, এবং “in” ভবিষ্যৎ কাল নির্দেশ করে।

Examples:

  1. He will come in a week – এক সপ্তাহ পরে আসবেন।
  2. He came after a week — এক সপ্তাহ পরে এসেছিলেন।
  3. He will finish the work in a month –একমাস পরে করবেন।
  4. He finished the work after a month –একমাস পরে করেছিলেন !

Since, For, From

হতে বা ধরে অর্থে (তিন দিন ধরে পীড়িত, সোমবার হতে আসব) এই তিনটি Preposition-ই ব্যবহৃত হয়। কিন্তু :

  • For – space of time ( সময়ের ব্যাপ্তি) বোঝায়।
  • Since – past point of time (অর্থাৎ অতীতের একটি নির্দিষ্ট সময় হতে বোঝায়।)
  • From – past, present ও future (তিন রকম point of time-ই বোঝায়।

Examples:

  1. He has been here for a week— তিনি এখানে এক সপ্তাহ ধরে আছেন।
  2. I have not seen you for many days – আমি তোমাকে অনেকদিন হল দেখি নি।
  3. He has been here since or from Monday last— তিনি এখানে গত সোমবার হতে আছেন।
  4. He will be here from (since হবে না) next Monday—তিনি এখানে পরবর্তী সোমবার হতে থাকবেন ।
  5. He will begin work from (since হবে না) today— তিনি এই কাজটি আজ হতে শুরু করবেন।
  6. He has been doing it since or from 1980 – তিনি এটা ১৯৮০ সাল হতে করছেন।
  7. He has been doing it for two years – তিনি এটা দুই বছর ধরে করছেন।

নীচের diagramটি লক্ষ্য করে :

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions For 20 Years I Lived In Delhi

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions

এইবার নীচের Sentence-গুলি দেখো :

Examples:

  1. I lived in Delhi for 20 years from 1967 to 1987 – আমি দিল্লিতে ১৯৬৭ সাল হতে ১৯৮৭ সাল পর্যন্ত—এই ২০ বছর বসবাস করেছিলাম।
  2. I have been living in Delhi since 1967 – আমি ১৯৬৭ সাল হতে দিল্লিতে বসবাস করছি।
  3. I lived in Delhi till 1987 – আমি দিল্লিতে ১৯৮৭ সাল পর্যন্ত বসবাস করেছিলাম।

In, On, At

মাস, কাল, ঋতু বোঝাতে in ব্যবহৃত হয়। যথা :

Examples:

  1. He will come in January.
  2. It happened in 1950.
  3. He will come here in Summer.

তারিখ ও বারের নামের পূর্বে on ব্যবহৃত হয়। যথাঃ

He came here on 7th March. Nupur will go to Kolkata on Sunday.

নির্দিষ্ট সময় (point of time) বোঝাতে at ব্যবহৃত হয়। যথা ঃ

I shall go there at 5 p.m. Please come here on Monday at 4 p.m.

সময়ের ব্যাপক অর্থে in বসে। যথা ঃ

  • In the morning
  • In the evening
  • In the daytime
  • In the afternoon.
  1. In the morning, on Monday evening
  2. At night, at sunset, at dawn, at noon
  3. On-time – He came on time. ; In time – He came in time.
  4. ‘on’ is used for dates and for particular days or specified parts of days, ‘at’ for a point of time; ‘in’ for a portion of the day.

I shall see you on October 5th / on Sunday on Christmas day / on Saturday afternoon/ at 6 o’clock in the afternoon.

WBBSE Class 8 English Functional GrammarWBBSE Class 8 English Reading Skills
WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 EnglishWBBSE Solutions For Class 8 Maths

 

মনে রেখো ‘yesterday’; ‘today’s ‘tomorrow ‘word-গুলির পূর্বে কোনো preposition বসে না। যেমনঃ

I went there yesterday. Go there tomorrow.

নীচের ছবিটি লক্ষ্য করো :

IN → 1992

IN → February

ON → 3rd

AT → 1 P.M

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions at

2. Prepositions of Place (at, in, on, above, over, under)

  • at: at Serampore, at Howrah station, at 54, Chowringhee Road (but, in Chowringhee Road), at school, at university, at lunch.
  • in: in Kolkata, in his office, in the Writers’ Buildings, in Rash Behari Avenue
  • on: on desk, on the table, on the third floor, on the river bank, on land
  • above: above the trees, above me in the class, above average
  • over: over our heads, over the table, all over the world
  • under: under a tree, under my umbrella

ব্যবহারের তারতম্য :

Above, Over

Example:

  • Above = at a higher level than
  • Over = directly above

At, In

At ছোটো স্থানের পূর্বে এবং in বড়ো স্থানের পূর্বে বসে।

Examples:

  1. He lives at Serampore.
  2. He has a shop at Bally in Howrah.
  3. He lives in Kolkata
  • At Burdwan—বর্ধমান শহরে।
  • In Burdwan—বর্ধমান জেলায় ।

In, Into

কোনো কিছুর মধ্যে বা ভিতরে থাকা বোঝালে in এবং বাইরে থেকে ভিতরে গতি বা অবস্থা বা আকারের পরিবর্তন বোঝালে into হয়।

Examples:

  1. He is in the room.
  2. He fell into the well.
  3. The fish lives in water.
  4. He came into the room.
  5. The boys play in the field.
  6. Ice melts into water.

কিন্তু come in (come into হয় না)।

3. Prepositions of Movement and Directions (in, at, from, to, into)

  • in: come in, in the east
  • at: tiger running at the deer
  • from, to: from station to his house, went to Mumbai, to the east.
  • into: fell into the well, came into the room. (কোনো কিছুর ভিতরে প্রবেশ করা অর্থে into ব্যবহৃত হয়য়)

At or To

নীচের ছবিতে at ও to-এর ব্যবহারের পার্থক্য লক্ষ্য করো। Aggression বা আক্রমণাত্মক অর্থে’ at ও coop- eration বা সহযোগিতা অর্থে to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions Don't Throw It At Me

Don’t throw it at me—আমার দিকে এটা ছুড়ো না।

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions Throw It To Me

Throw it to me—আমাকে এটা ছুড়ে দাও।

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions Shouting At Him

Shouting at him—-বকাবকি করা, গালি দেওয়া

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions Shouting To Him

Shouting to him – আন্তরিকভাবে অভিনন্দন জানানো।

4. Prepositions of State or Manner (in, by, with)

  • in: in danger, in a hurry, in love, in trouble, in difficulty, in ruins, in the dark, in power, pay in cash (but, by cheque), in pain, in sorrow.
  • by: catch by hand, by bus, by train, by chance, by post, by accident
  • with: with difficulty, with a smile, beautiful with long hair, with my father

(from, of)

from: Wine is made from grapes.; Steel is made from iron ores.

Here the matter has lost its original composition in the process of manufacture. (পদার্থের মূল গঠনের পরিবর্তন হয়েছে।

of: The table is made of wood; The bridge is made of steel.

Here the material remains unchanged in the process of manufacture. (এখানে প্রক্রিয়াকরণে পদার্থের মূল গঠনের কোন পরিবর্তন হয়নি।)

5. Prepositions of Agent or Method (in, with, in)

by:

  1. a machine driven by steam, done by hand, struck by lightning, a novel by Sarat Chandra,
  2. a music by Hemanta Kumar, written by him, pay by cheque (but, in cash).

with: with his own hand, written with a pen, beaten with a stick.

in: written in ink or in pencil.

ব্যবহারের তারতম্য :

By, With

By যে কাজ করে (agent বা doer) তাকে নির্দেশ করে ; with যা দ্বারা কিছু করা হয় তাকে নির্দেশ করে।

Examples:

  1. This work was done by him with his own hand.
  2. This letter was written by him with a good pen.
  3. He struck me with a stick.

নীচে আরও কিছু Preposition-এর বিভিন্ন প্রকার ব্যবহার দেখানো হল :

At

  • Value: The house is priced at Rs. 2, 50,000.00.
  • Occupation: He is at work.
  • Direction: The dog ran at me.

By

  • Nearness in place or time—Sit by me. He will come by 9 o’clock.
  • According to—It is 10 o’clock by my watch.
  • Manner—He caught me by the hand.
  • Means of travel—We traveled by bus/boat/train, etc. (but on foot or horseback or bicycle.)

For

  • In exchange for — I bought it for fifty rupees.
  • On account of — I did this for you.
  • In the direction of — He started for Kolkata.
  • During — I know him for three years.

In

  • State — He is in danger.
  • Direction — The sun rises in the east.

Of

  • Origin — He comes of a good family.
  • Cause — He died of cholera.
  • About — I do not know anything of it.

On

  • Lying against — The book is on the table.
  • Close to, against — Kolkata is on the river Hooghly.
  • Time — He was born on that day.
  • Because of — I congratulated him on. his success.

Over

  • More than — He is over fifty.
  • At a higher level — The sky is over our head.
  • Purpose — I went to see him.
  • Direction towards — He has gone to Mumbai. I went to him.

Under

  • Less than — The price is under ten rupees.
  • Subject to — The case is under trial.

With

  • Accompanied by: I went there with my father.
  • Point of reference: I differ from you.

Between

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions Between

Among

WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 12 Prepositions Among

সাধারণত দু’য়ের মধ্যে অর্থে between ও দু’য়ের অধিকের মধ্যে অর্থে among ব্যবহৃত হয়।

  1. What is the difference between these two things ? – এই দুইটি জিনিসের মধ্যে পার্থক্য কী ?
  2. Among his books, this one is the best — তার বইগুলির মধ্যে এটাই সর্ব্বোৎকৃষ্ট।
  3. Divide these things between the two sisters — এইসব জিনিসগুলি দুই বোনের মধ্যে ভাগ করে দাও।

 

Leave a Comment