WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 17 Simple And Complex Sentences Transformation Of Sentences

WBBSE Chapter 17 Simple And Complex Sentences Transformation Of Sentences

গঠন-প্রকৃতি অনুসারে Sentence-গুলিকে তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা হয় :

1. Simple
2. Complex
3. Compound

Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence-এ মাত্র একটি Subject ও একটি Finite Verb থাকে। Subject এবং Verb-এর qualifying words, Objects ইত্যাদি থাকতে পারে। কিন্তু মূল জিনিস—Finite Verb মাত্র একটি ও Subject মাত্র একটি। নীচের বাক্যগুলিতে প্রধান Subject-word ও Verb-টি italics-এ দেওয়া আছে :-

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Complex Sentence

1. I came.
2. I came home.
3. I came home yesterday.
4. The good boy obeys his parents.

Complex Sentence.

Principal Clause Subordinate Clauses

থাকে। মনে রেখো যতটি Finite Verbs ততটি Clauses.

I know when he will come.

This is the place where he was born.

As you are rich, you must help those who are poor.

দ্বিতীয় বাক্যেও মাত্র দুটি finite verbs (is, was born ) ; সুতরাং মাত্র দুটি clauses: “This is the place ” এটি Principal, “where he was born” aft Subordinate Adj. clause, qualifying place.

তৃতীয় বাক্যে তিনটি finite verbs (are, must help, ure), সুতরাং তিনটি clauses: দুইটি Subordinate ও একটি Principal.

As you are rich-Sub. Adv. clauses, qualifying must help.

You must help those-Principal clause.

Who are poor-Sub. Adj. clause, qualifying those.

Compound Sentence-এর সম্বন্ধে তোমরা পরে পড়বে।

Transformation Of Sentences

কোনো sentence-এর অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ বজায় রেখে তার আকার বা form পরিবর্তন করা যায়। একে Transformation (Conversion) of Sentences

নীচে Simple ও Complex sentence-এর Conversion-এর কিছু উদাহরণ দেওয়া হল।

Simple into Complex

Simple Sentence-এর কোনো word বা phrase কে Subordinate Clause-এ পরিণত করে Simple Sentence-Complex Sentence- Subordinate Clauseft Noun, Adjective Adverb Clause হতে পারে।

Noun Clause

Simple: I know his name.
Complex: I know what his name is.

Simple: He came at 5 p.m.
Complex: It was 5 p.m. when he came.

Simple: He will certainly go.
Complex: It is certain that he will go.

Simple: Tell me your address.
Complex: Tell me where you live.

Simple: He declared his innocence.
Complex: He declared that he was innocent.

Simple: You may criticise my action.
Complex: You may criticise what I do.

Adjective Clause

Simple: He is the last man to do it.
Complex: He is the last man that would do it.

Simple: He is a rich man.
Complex: He is a man who is rich.

Simple: I follow my father’s example.
Complex: I follow the example which was set by my father.

Simple: I have no money to spare.
Complex: I have no money that I can spare.

Simple: This is my birthplace.
Complex: This is the place where I was born.

Adverb Clause

Simple: He is too weak to walk.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.

Simple: Only students are allowed here.
Complex: You can be allowed here only if you are a student.

Simple: On seeing the lion, he ran away.
Complex: When he saw the lion he ran away.

Complex into Simple

Complex Sentence-কে Simple Sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Subordinate clause-কে একটি phrase বা word-এ পরিণত করতে হয়। যথা :

Noun Clause

Complex: I know what his intention is.
Simple: I know his intention.

Complex: Tell me where he lives.
Simple: Tell me his address.

Complex: He wants that I should go.
Simple: He wants me to go.

Adjective Clause

Complex: He was the last man who went there.
Simple: He was the last man to go there.

Complex: I have a story which I want to tell you.
Simple: I have a story to tell you.

Complex: Only those boys who will work hard will succeed.
Simple: Only hard working boys will succeed.

Adverb Clause

Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: He is too weak to walk.

Complex: He left after I had come.
Simple: He left after my arrival.

Complex: Though he is ill, he will come.
Simple: In spite of his illness he will come.

WBBSE Chapter 17 Simple And Complex Sentences Transformation Of Sentences Examples

1. State if the sentences are Simple or Complex. Identify the clauses also.

1. He came home last night.-Simple
2. It was dark when he came.-Complex
   • It was a dark-Principal clause.
   • when he came–Sub. Adv. clause.
3. I know that he is intelligent.-Complex
   • I know–Principal clause.
   • that he is intelligent-Sub. Noun clause.
4. I admit my fault.- simple
5. He knows that the teacher is angry with him. -Complex
   • He knows-Principal clause
   • that the teacher is angry with him-Sub. Noun clause.
6. He is buried here.-Simple
7. He gave me a nice box.-Simple
8. He gave me a box that was nice. – Complex
   • He gave me a box-Principal clause.
   • that was nice-Sub. Adj. clause.
9. He heard the judgment that the judge passed.-Complex
   • He heard the judgement-Principal clause.
   • that the judge passed– Sub. Adj. clause.
10. I told him to be brief. Simple
11. I told him that he should be brief.-Complex.
    • I told him-Principal clause.
    • that he should be brief-Sub. Noun clause.”

2. Convert the following Shapie sentences into Complex ones.

Using Noun clauses: I know his name. I am sure of his passing. We have heard of his success. I know him to be guilty. I desire to go. The teacher noted your absence.
Answer:

I know what his name is. I am sure that he will pass. We have heard that he has succeeded. I know that he is guilty. I desire that I should go. The teacher noted that you were absent.

Using Adjective clauses: He was the last boy to come to school today. He did not get the letter written by me. Only intelligent boys will pass the examination. The men in the room  ushed out,
Answer:

He was the last boy who came to school today. He did not get the letter that I wrote to him. Only those boys who are intelligent will pass the examination. The men who were inside the room rushed out.

Using Adverb clauses: I went there in the evening. He came at night. He was glad to hear this. He could not come to school today for his illness. You cannot succeed without hard work.
Answer:

I went there when it was evening. It was night when he came. He was glad when he heard this. As he was ill, he could not come to school today. You cannot succeed if you do not work hard.

3. Convert the following Simple sentences into Complex ones. One is done for you.
Answer:

I wish you success. Can you tell me the time? I want to go home. I believe in his honesty. This is his birthplace. The report of his illness is true. A brave boy will not fear this. This is my house. He is a man of his word. Alexander, the king of Macedonia, invaded India.

He was the first boy to do it. He saw a big tiger. I could not come on account of illness. He left after my departure. I am too weak to run. He came just at 5 p.m. Wait here till my return. You are too lazy to shine in life. He is not a man to tell a lie.

4. Convert the following Complex sentences into Simple ones. One is done for you.
Answer:

I know where he was born I know his birthplace. He told me what his name was. I pray that he may be successful in life. That he is clever is admitted by all. He did not get the letter that I wrote to him. I have nothing that I can do. Only those boys who are intelligent will pass.

We must love those who live near us. I asked him why he had come late. He acted as a wise man does. He left after I had come. He is pleased that you have succeeded. Though he is poor, he is honest. I am so tired that I cannot walk.

That he will fail is certain. This is the house where he was born. I told him that he should be brief. I have no book that I can lend you. The reply which he has made was foolish. The opinion you have formed of me is unjust.