WBBSE Solutions For Class 8 English Functional Grammar Chapter 7 Voice

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice

• I saw the tiger. (Active)
• The tiger was seen by me. (Passive)

উপরের sentence দুটি একই অর্থ বোঝাচ্ছে। কিন্তু তাদের আকার বা form বিভিন্ন I প্রথম sentence-এ Subject “I” নিজেই ‘দেখা’ কাজটি করছে। দ্বিতীয় sentence-এ Subject tiger” সক্রিয় বা active নয়। অর্থাৎ tiger নিজে কোনো কাজ করছে না। তার উপরেই ‘দেখা’ কাজটি করা হয়েছে।

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একই অর্থ বোঝাবার জন্য Sentence-এর Verb-এর যে দুই রকম form হয় তাকে Voice বলে। Voice is the form of the Verb which shows whether the Subject acts or is acted upon.

Voice দুই প্রকার : Active ও Passive:

Subject বা কর্তা যখন নিজেই কাজটি করে, তখন সেই Sentence-এর Verb-টির Active Voice হয়। When the Subject of the sentence is the ‘doer’ or ‘actor’, the Verb is Active.

নীচের উদাহরণগুলি দেখো:

Active Voice      –   Passive Voice

I saw the tiger    –   The tiger was seen by me.

I did it                –   It was done by me.

He says this       –  This is said by him.

উপরের ‘I saw the tiger’ এই বাক্যে saw এই Verb-টির Active Voice হয়েছে। সেরূপ, I did it, He says this—এই sentence-গুলিতে Verb গুলির Active Voice হয়েছে।

যখন Object-টি Subject-এ পরিণত হয়ে প্রকৃত Subject-এর উপর কাজ করে তখন Verb-টির Passive Voice হয়। When the Subject of the sentence is “acted upon”, the Verb is Passive.

পূর্বের ‘The tiger was seen by me’ এই বাক্যে see – এই verb-এর Passive Voice হয়েছে। অনুরূপভাবে It was done by me, This is said by me, This is said by him-sentence- verb-4 Passive Voice হয়েছে।

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-এ করবার নিয়ম।

1. Active Voice- Object টি  – Passive Voice –  Subject  – এ
2. Active Voice-  Subject  টি – Passive, Voice- Object – এ
3. Verb-টি Past Participle form-এ পরিবর্তিত করে তার পূর্বে “to be” verb-এর আবশ্যকীয় form বসাতে হয়।

নীচের sentence গুলি লক্ষ্য করো :

Active voice- it, this, tiger, book, letter ও I—এগুলি Objects, 4 I, he, hunter,

Subjects. Passive it,This,Tiger,Book,Letter.SubjectsI, he, hunter, Ram ও I—এগুলি Objects-এ পরিণত হল এবং এদের পূর্বে by বসল।

মনে রাখবে : Active Voice-এর Subject যদি কোনো ব্যক্তি (person) না হয়, তা হলে by ছাড়া অন্য কোনো preposition যোগ করতে হয়। যথা :

বে এর ব্যতিক্রম আছে, যেমন :

Active: The fire destroyed the building.

Passive: The building was destroyed by fire.

Note : অনেক সময় Passive voice-এ Object-টি উহ্য থাকে :

• It is said (by men) that he will come.
• My book has been lost (by me).
• The curfew was lifted last night.
• The lion is called the king of beasts. The window pane has been broken.
• He was known as Masterda.

Active-এ sentence-গুলি এরূপ হবে :

• Men say that he will come.
• I have lost my book.
• The city police lifted the curfew last night.
• People call the lion the king of beasts.
• Someone has broken the window pane. People knew him as Masterda.

Active Voice C Passive Voice- Verb-47 Tense-97 রূপান্তর:

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Simple Present

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Present Continuous

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Present Perfect

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Simple Past

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Past Continuous

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Simple Future

Object – Transitive Verb – Voice:

Active Voice-এ verb-এর দুটি Object (Direct ও Indirect Object) থাকলে যে-কোনো একটি Object-কে Subject করে অপরটিকে Object-রূপেই রাখতে হয়।

Imperative Sentence- Passive:

Imperative sentence-কে Active থেকে Passive-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হলে, প্রথমে let শব্দ দিয়ে sentence আরম্ভ করে verb-টিকে Passive করতে হবে। এ ছাড়া কোনো কোনো ক্ষেত্রে অন্য উপায়ে নতুন word সংযোজন করেও Passive করা হয়। যথা :

Note : উপরের উদাহরণগুলি থেকে বুঝবে Intransitive verb-এর Object না থাকাতে তার Passive voice হয় না।

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Miscellaneous Examples

Passive Voice-এর ব্যবহার :

সাধারণত কোনো ঘটনা বা দুর্ঘটনার বর্ণনা (reporting an event or accident), বা কোনো প্রক্রিয়া বর্ণনা করবার (process description) জন্য verb-এর এই voice ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. Event:

• The ball was hit hard but it was caught by Kapil Dev.
• A new world record was created in 100 m. men’s event.
• The ball was pitched on the middle stump. Sunil saw the ball and it was hit hard.
• The speech was made by the Prime Minister in a meeting.

2. Accident:

In a car accident last night two people were killed. The car was chased by the local people. The driver was caught and handed over to the police.

3. Process:

The fruit is cut to pieces and kept separately. Some water is boiled. The cut pieces are dropped into the boiling water.

“Was hit”, “Was caught”, “Was created”, “Was handed over”, “Was hit”, “Was made”, “Were killed”, “Was chased”, “Was caught”, “Is cut”, “Is boiled”, “Dropped”  verb- কোনো কর্তা বা subject বসেনি – কারণ তা অপ্রয়োজনীয়। ফলে লেখাগুলি শ্রুতি মধুর হয়েছে। প্রকৃতপক্ষে বেশির ভাগ ক্ষেত্রেই Passive voice-এর বাংলা ভালো শোনায় না, এবং সেইজন্য বাংলায় এর বেশি প্রচলন নেই। কিন্তু ইংরাজিতে এর প্রচলন বেশি।

WBBSE Chapter 7 Voice Miscellaneous Examples Worked Out

Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given within brackets in :

1. This story was told (told) to me earlier.

2. This book was written (write) by a famous author. He was awarded (award) a prize for writing

3. The people were pleased (please) and all the books were sold (sold).

4. After the accident, the lorry was driven (drive) away very fast but soon it was stopped (stop) by the local people after a long chase.

5. This watch is made (made) in India. It Is praised (praise) all over the world.

6. The catch was taken (take) nicely by Arun. But the spectators were shocked (shocked) to see their hero out for only one run.

7. First, the oranges are delivered (deliver) to the factory where they are sorted (sorted) to remove the rotten ones. Then they are cleaned (clean). After that they Are crushed (crush).

8. The fishermen in our country The nets catch(catch) fish in nets are made (make) of strings. The nets are carried (carry) in boats to sea. The nets do not sink (not sink) to the bottom of the sea because they are held (held) up by pieces of cork.

Turn the following sentences from Active to Passive voice:

1. Simple Present Tense :

Question 1. Sita makes tea.
Answer: Tea is made by Sita

Question 2. They sell toys.
Answer: Toys are sold by them

Question 3. The boy opens the door.
Answer: The door is opened by the boy

Question 4. She calls us.
Answer: We are called by her

Question 5. Everybody respects him.
Answer: He is respected by everybody

Question 6. They learn Hindi.
Answer: Hindi is learned by them

Question 7. Does he help his father?
Answer: Is his father helped by him?

Question 8. The guard rings the bell.
Answer: The bell is rung by the guard

Question 9. She teaches us English.
Answer: English is taught by her.

Question 10. Mohan writes a letter.
Answer: A letter is written by Mohan.

Question 11. Abdul cleans the room.
Answer: The room is cleaned by Abdul.

Question 12. We do it.
Answer: It is done by us.

Question 13. He buyws a pen
Answer: A pen is bought by him.

Question 14. I like the boy.
Answer: The boy is liked by me.

Question 15. Do all the boys buy books?
Answer: Are books bought by all the boys?

Question 16. The farmer feeds the cow every day.
Answer: The cow is fed by the farmer every day.

2. Simple Past Tense :

Question 1. You did it.
Answer: It was done by you.

Question 2. I read the book.
Answer: The book was read by me.

Question 3. He ate an apple.
Answer: An apple was eaten by him.

Question 4. They opened the door.
Answer: The door was opened by him.

Question 5. We bought a book.
Answer: A book was bought by us.

Question 6. The cat killed rats.
Answer: Rats were killed by the cat

Question 7. The teacher punished him.
Answer: He was punished by him

Question 8. He invited us.
Answer: We were invited by him

Question 9. She made tea
Answer: Tea was made by her.

Question 10. Abdul cleaned the room.
Answer: The room was cleaned by Abdul.

Question 11. Amita sang a song.
Answer: A song was sung by Amita.

Question 12. They won the match.
Answer: The match was won by them.

Question 13. Ram stole the bicycle.
Answer: The bicycle was stolen by Ram.

Question 14. I asked a question.
Answer: A question was asked by me.

Question 15. The teacher called us.
Answer: We were called by the teacher.

Question 16. Did you draw the picture?
Answer: Was the picture drawn by you?

3. Simple Future Tense :

Question 1. Sukhen will help me.
Answer: I shall be helped by Sukhen.

Question 2. They will build a house.
Answer: A house will be built by them.

Question 3. The teacher will punish Arun.
Answer: Arun will be punished by the teacher.

Question 4. We shall tell the truth.
Answer: The truth will be told by us.

Question 5. The girl will shut the door.
Answer: The door will be shut by the girl.

Question 6. He will tell a story.
Answer: A story will be told by him.

Question 7. She will cook rice.
Answer: Rice will be cooked by her.

Question 8. Will you do the job?
Answer: Will the job be done by you?

Question 9. The boys will read the book
Answer: The book will read by the boys

Question 10. Amal will post the letter.
Answer: Amal will post the letter

Question 11. I shall drive the car.
Answer: The car will be driven by me.

Question 12. Shall I ask a question?
Answer: Will a question be asked by me?

Question 13. The servant will clean the room.
Answer: The room will be cleaned by the servant.

Question 14. Everyone will like you.
Answer: You will be liked by everyone.

Question 15. We shall spend the money.
Answer: The money will be spent by me.

Question 16. The man will carry the box.
Answer: The box will be carried by the man.

4. Present Continuous Tense :

Question 1. He is doing the work.
Answer: The work is being done by him.

Question 2. They are reading a novel.
Answer: A novel is being read by them.

Question 3. She is singing a song.
Answer: A song is being sung by her.

Question 4. Arati is writing a letter.
Answer: A letter is written by Arati.

Question 5. The boys are cutting the trees.
Answer: The trees are being cut by the boys.

Question 6. They are watching us.
Answer: We are being watched by them.

Question 7. The girl is drawing a sketch.
Answer: A sketch is being drawn by the girl.

Question 8. The man is catching the ball.
Answer: The ball is being caught by the man.

Question 9. We are buying some sweets.
Answer: Some sweets are being bought by us.

Question 10. Are you telling the truth?
Answer: Is the truth being told by you?

5. Present Perfect Tense:

Question 1. I have done the work.
Answer: The work has been done by me.

Question 2. Partha has written the letter.
Answer: The letter has been written by Partha.

Question 3. He has sold the car.
Answer: The car has been sold by him.

Question 4. She has lost the books.
Answer: The books have been lost by her

Question 5. The man has killed the tiger.
Answer: The tiger has been killed by the man.

Question 6. I have read the book.
Answer: The Book has been read by me

Question 7. They have helped me.
Answer: I have been helped by them.

Question 8. She has washed the clothes.
Answer: The clothes have been washed by her.

Question 9. My brothers have brought this dog.
Answer: This dog has been brought by my brothers.

Question 10. Have they told this story?
Answer: Has this story been told by them?

6. Past Continuous Tense :

Question 1. I was doing the work.
Answer: The work was being done by me.

Question 2. Sandip was writing a letter.
Answer: A letter was being written by Sandip.

Question 3. He was reading the book.
Answer: The book was being read by him.

Question 4. They were calling me.
Answer: I was being called by them.

Question 5 . Were the boys throwing stones?
Answer: Were stones being thrown by the boys?

Question 6. She was washing the clothes.
Answer: The clothes were being washed by her.

Question 7. You were drawing a sketch.
Answer: A sketch was being drawn by you.

Question 8. They were cutting the tree.
Answer: The tree was being cut by them.

Question 9. The teacher was teaching English.
Answer: English was being taught by the teacher.

Question 10. The boys were pulling the cart.
Answer: The cart was being pulled by the boys.

Change the verbs in the following sentences from Passive Voice into Active Voice:

Question 1. He was elected king.
Answer: They elected him king.

Question 2. The dog is called Don.
Answer: We call the dog Don.

Question 3. Arabic is spoken in Egypt.
Answer: People in Egypt speak Arabic.

Question 4. The door was knocked at.
Answer: Someone knocked at the door.

Question 5. My book has been lost.
Answer: I have lost my book.

Question 6. By whom was this book written?
Answer: Who wrote this book?

Question 7. He was called a fool.
Answer: They called him a fool.

Question 8. Vitamins are needed for the growth of our body.
Answer: We need vitamins for the growth of our body.

Question 9. I was punished.
Answer: They punished me.

Question 10. Promises should be kept.
Answer: One should keep one’s promise.

Question 11. The castle was built in 1690.
Answer: They built the castle in 1690.

Question 12. Nothing can be gained without labor.
Answer: One can gain nothing without labor.