Chapter 11 Phrasal Verbs Or Group Verbs
Read the following text:
Prasun always gets up early in the morning. Then he puts on his dress and goes out for a morning walk. On return, he goes through the newspaper.
He lost his parents in his childhood and puts up with his sister.
Prasun can pick up anything quickly and is ready to carry out orders from his elders. He is unemployed and could not come across anyone who can help him.
Still, he has not given up hope and keeps on trying his luck.
Read And Learn More WBBSE Class 9 English Functional Grammar
In all the pairs of words in bold, the verb is followed either by a preposition or an adverb.
Also, note that each pair of words expresses a meaning which is different from the meaning of the words taken separately.
Verbs when grouped in such a manner acquire an idiomatic sense and are often called phrasal verbs or group verbs. (Verb-47 preposition adverb শব্দযুগল গঠিত হয় তাহাকে group verb বা phrasal verb বলে।)
Here is a list of phrasal verbs that we use frequently. Some of them can be found in your textbook also.
Аст
- Upon: over-exercise acts upon (affects,) one’s health. Acting upon (s) the news I went there.
- For: he acted for me (on behalf of, ) while I was ill.
- On: I acted on (s) my brother’s advice.
Bear
- Away: he bore away (won,) the first prize.
- Down: he bore down (overcame) all resistance.
- Off: he bore off (বিজয়গর্বে বহন করল) the prize.
- On: your point has no bearing on (relevance, in the present case.
- Out: your report bears out (confirms, his story.
- With: I cannot bear with (tolerate, 4) such conduct.
Break
- Away: the thief broke away (freed himself,) from the jail. His health broke down (suffered physical weakening, through overwork.
- Down: the robbers broke in (forced their way in) at night. Last night a thief broke into (entered by breaking, our house.
- In: he broke off (stopped, cholera has broken out (appeared suddenly) in the town.
- Into: last night a thief broke into (entered by breaking our house)
- Off: he broke off in the middle of the speech
- Out: cholera has broken out (appeared suddenly, in the town)
- Up: the meeting broke up (ended )at 5 p.m
- With: he has broken with (parted from,)me.
Bring
- About: his run was brought about by his own folly.
- Down: this will bring down (lower,)the prices of things.
- Forth: this tree brings forth(produces,)good fruit.
- In: my business brings in(yeilds)good income.
- Forward: the subject was brought forward for discussion in the meeting
- Out: he has brought out (published; 4) a new book.
- On: overeating brings on (causes) dyspepsia.
- Through: he was very ill but proper medicine and good nursing brought him through (restored to health).
- To: the boy fainted but was soon brought to ( জ্ঞান ফেরানো হল). He was brought up (rared) by his aunt.
- Up: he was brought up(rared)by his aunt.
Call
- At: I shall call at (visit,) your house soon.
- By: Mr. Roy will call me (pay a short visit) tomorrow.
- Off: the strike was called off (canceled, 21 201).
- For: I called for (demanded,) his explanation.
- Forth: his heroism called forth (elicit,) the admiration of all.
- In: Please call in (invite, ) a doctor.
- On: I shall call on you (visit a person, test) tomorrow.
- Out: the troops were called out to restore order.
- Up: I cannot call up (remember,) his name.
- Upon: he was called upon (ordered) to explain his conduct. I shall call upon (visit) him tomorrow.
Carry
- About: he carries about (f) a pistol wherever he goes:
- Off: he carried off (won) all the prizes. Cholera has carried off many of my men.
- On: I shall carry on (continue, b) the work in your absence. Let us carry out (execute,) his order.
- Out: he was carried away by the current. Though he carried the bill through the council.
- Away: only courage carried him through (বিপদ-আপদ কাটিয়ে উঠতে সাহায্য করা) the crisis.
Come
- About: how did it come about (happen)
- Across: I came across (met, হঠাৎ সাক্ষাৎ হল) him on the way.
- At: the truth is very difficult to come at (সত্য বা তথ্য আবিষ্কার করা ).
- Along: come along, (hurry) otherwise you’ll miss the train.
- By: jobs are very difficult to come by.
- Down: how did you come by that cut on your forehead?
- Of: the rent of houses have come down (decreased, ct (std).
- Off: the roof came down (collapsed, tomorrow.
- Out: he comes off (is a descendent of,a rich family.
- Round: the ceremony comes off (takes place, very soon
- To: he came round (recovered,) very soon. His monthly salary has come to a high. We have not yet come to any conclusion.
- Upon: I came upon (met by chance, my friend at the hotel.
The enemy came upon (fell on,) us from behind. - Up to: your essay does not come up to (is not equal to,) expectation.
Cut
- Down: cut down (p) the tree with an axe.
- Off: cut down (reduce, ) your expenses. He lives in England, cut off (separated, r) from his relations.
- In: he cut in (to take part suddenly), in the middle of our talk.
- Up: he cut up (টুকরো করে কাটল) the roast.
Draw
- Away: my attention was drawn away (diverted, by the noise.
- Back: you should not draw back (recede) from your
promise. - On: the pujas are drawing on (nearing).
- Out: draw out the aching tooth.
- To: I drew to the boy from the first day (felt attracted by)
- Up : I drew up (drafted)a petition.
Fall
- Away: he has much fallen away become Lea since I saw him last.
- Off: false friends fall off (drop off) in misfortune. The quality of Dacca muslin has fallen off.
- In: the roof fell in (gave away).
- On: he fell on (attacked, me without any reason.
- The responsibility of my family fell on me after my father’s death.
- The brothers fell out (quarreled) over their father’s property.
- In with I cannot fall in with your views (agree with).
- Through: the scheme fell through (failed for want of funds.
- To: they fell to (began eagerly, flours the food served to them.
Get
- Along /on: how are you getting along/on (to continue, without any help?
- Away: the prisoner got away (escaped) from the prison.
- At: we could not get at (reach, the truth.
- About: a rumor got about (spread) that he was ill.
- In: what time did the train get in (arrived)?
- Into: he got into a carriage.
- Off: they got into trouble (the boys got off the car.
- On: how is he getting on (doing) now?
- Out: get out of this room.
- Over: the secret got out (became public, at last.
- Though: he got over (overcame, the difficulties.
Try to get through (finish, cf* the work quickly.
I hope to get through (succeed in, the test. - Up: get up at five.
The get-up (binding, printing, etc.) The book is excellent.
Give
- Away: he has given away his all in charity.
- The president gave away the prizes.
- In: he ultimately gave in (yielded).
- Over: he gave over (handed over) the charge to me.
- Up: give up (abandon) this bad habit.
- Off / forth: this flower gives off / forth (emits, c^ttj) a sweet smell.
Go
- After: the dog went after (followed) the hare.
- About: I am too weak to go about (move about).
- Against: I don’t like to go against) your wish.
- By: he goes by (is known by) a false name here.
- Off: the party went off (passed) well.
- The pistol went off (was discharged) suddenly.
Go on (continue) with your work. - On: I cannot go against) your will.
- Down: the sun has gone down. The price of butter has gone down (decreased)
- In for I shall go in for the law (become a lawyer).
- Over: please go over the accounts (examine)
- Out: the lamp went out suddenly.
- Through: I have gone through (examine fully) your book.
- Up: the cost of living has gone up (increased).
- With: I go with (agree with) you in this matter.
Hang
- About: why do you hang about (move suspiciously) the examination hall?
- On: 1 do not like to hang on others for my bread (depend).
- Down: he hung his head with shame.
- Up: hang up (suspend) the picture here.
- Over: the debate has been hung over(postponed)
Hold
- Back: don’t hold back (conceal, ) anything from me.
I cannot hold back (lag behind when others are moving on - In: hold in (check) your temper.
- Off: you should hold off (keep aloof, from such agitation.
- On: East Bengal held on a 1-0 lead till the end.
- Out: Davy held out (extended his hand to Faraday.
The ration will not hold out oast) for more than a week. - Over: the debate has been held over (postponed
- Together: the whole family held together
- To: do you still hold to (stick to,) your plan?
- Up: all traffic was held up (stopped) for an hour.
Keep
- Away/ off: keep away / off from bad boys.
- Back: I never kept back (concealed) anything from you.
- In: I cannot keep in (continue to agree) with you any longer.
- Down: he failed to keep down his anger.
- On: he kept on (continued) ringing the bell.
- From: you must keep from (remain aloof from) such friends.
- Out: I was kept out of business.
- To: keep to (stick to) your business. Keep to the right.
- Up: I shall keep up (maintain) the prestige of my family. He kept up (remained awake) the whole night.
- Up with try to keep up with (keep pace with) the class.
Lay
- Aside: lay aside (reserve) something for old age.
- By: lay by (store up for future use) something for old age.
- Down: no such rules are laid down (written) in the book
- Out: the garden is well laid out.
- Up: I am laid up (confined to bed) with a fever.
- Out: he laid out (invested) his all in business.
Look
- After: he will look after (take care of my boy.
- Down upon: don’t look down upon (deride, the poor.
- For: look for (search for) the letter in the box.
- Forward to we look forward to (expect) his visit.
- Into: I shall look in (pay a short visit) when I pass
by his house. - Upon: I shall look into (enquire into) the matter.
- Out: I look upon (regard) you as my best friend.
- Over: I looked out of the window.
- Through: the eagle is looking out for (on the watch for) prey.
Please look over (examine,) this application. - To: I have looked through (examined carefully, the book.
- Up: I look to (rely on)you for help. Look up (find out) the word in the dictionary.
- Prices of all things are looking up (rising,) every day.
- Please look me up (visit,) on your way to the office.
Make
- After: the dog made after pursued, the hare.
- Off: the man made off (ran away) with my bag.
- Of: this table is made of (composed of, for) teak wood.
- Out: I cannot make out (understand, what you say.
- Make out (prepare) a list of your books.
- Over: he made over (delivered,) charge to me.
- Up: we made up (settled, fitter our quarrel.
- I shall make up (recover) my loss in six months. He has not yet made up his mind (decided).
Pass
- After: the clouds have passed away.
He passed away (died) at night. - By: he passed by (overlooked) my faults.
- For: he passed for (^flsfevo a rich man there.
The rain has passed off (ceased) gradually) - Off: he was punished for trying to pass off (deceive with) false coins.
- Off: the ceremony passed off well (was a success).
- Let us pass on (proceed) to another subject.
- My claim was passed over (neglected).
Pull
- Down: we decided to pull down (demolish) the old building.
- He looks much pulled down (depressed).
- In: the train pulled in (entered the platform) on time.
- Off: the children pulled off (removed.the cover of the packet.
- Together: they are pulling together (work in harmony) nicely.
- Up: he was pulled up (reprimanded) for his bad behavior.
Put
- Down: put down (write) your name on this paper.
- In: I have put in (submitted) my claim.
- Off: don’t put off (postpone, or differ your work.
Put off (remove) your shoes. - Out: he put out (stretched out. His hand.
Put out the lamp (extinguish.). - Up: put up a fence around the garden.
Put up (post) the notice here.
I am putting up (staying for some time,) with my friend here. - On: put on (wear) your clothes.
The blame was put on (thrust) me.
Run
- After: they all ran after (pursued, the thief.
- At: the dog ran at the hare (attacked).
- Away: my servant ran away with (stole) my watch.
- Down: he looks much run down (sickly
- Off: the thief saw me and ran off.
- Out: the garrison did not surrender until provisions ran out (were exhausted,
- Over: a dog was run over by a car.
- The water of the river ran over its banks (overflowed)
- Through: I ran through (glanced over hastily, the book in an hour
- About: set about (begin) your task immediately.
- Aside/apart: he set aside / apart) some money for me.
- In: the rain set in (began, ).
- Off: he set off for Mumbai.
- Out: he has set out for England.
- Up: he set up (established) a school there.
- They set up (raised) a hue and cry.
Stand
- For: the letter “x” stands for (represents,) ten.
- Off: I stood off (kept aloof) from the quarrel.
- By: the chief stood by (supported) the king.
- I merely stood by (looked on without doing anything, when they fought.
- To: I shall stand to (stick to) my promise.
Take
- After: the child takes after (resembles) its father.
- Back: I cannot take back (withdraw my word.
- Down: take down (record) the notes.
- For: I took him to a doctor (regarded as).
- In: I cannot take in (understand) the meaning of the passage.
- Off: take off (remove, your coat. The plane took off safely.
- To: he has taken to (habituated himself to gambling.
- Upon: he took upon himself the burden of the family.
Turn
- Away: the sight pained me and I turned away.
- Back: don’t turn back a beggar from your door.
- Down: he turned down (rejected) my proposal.
- In: I turned in early last night (went to bed,
- On: turn on the switch.
- Out: the boy was turned out for misconduct.
The people turned out in large numbers to see the sight. - Up: he did not turn up (appear) in time.
Work
- At: the carpenter is working on the chair.
- On: they worked on (continued to work) till sunset.
- Out: work out (solve) this Sun. His plan did not work out(proved unsuccessful) well.
Chapter 11 Phrasal Verbs Or Group Verbs Examples Worked Out
Replace the boldfaced words in the following sentences with appropriate group verbs given within the boxes below, changing their forms where necessary.
- My servant escaped with all my money.- ran away
- You must solve this problem.- work out
- The proposal failed as nobody supported it.- feel through
- Please invite a doctor, I am sick.- call in
- Do not always chase after money.- run after
List: run after, fall through, call in, work out, run away.
- Please examine this paper.- look over
- Extinguish the lamp, please. – put off
- Remove the cover immediately.- Take out
- You should not reject this offer.- turn down
- You must wear this beautiful dress tonight.- put on.
List: put off, put on, take out, turn down, look over.
- You must obey the order.-carry out
- The enemy retreated on the face of constant shelling.-fell back
- A prisoner escaped from police custody yesterday.-got away
- I do not know how it happened.- came about
- The meeting was postponed as it was raining.- laid down
List: come about, fell back, got away, called off, carry out.
- I shall continue the work till I finish it.- carry on
- This child has none to take care of him.-Look after
- You must write whatever you have to say.-put down
- The monsoon will start within a fortnight.- set in
- All the rules have been written in this book.- laid down
List: put down, look after, set in, lay down, carry on.
- I shall visit you tomorrow morning. – Call on
- Please pass on this paper to Runu.- Hand on
- I met him accidentally today.-came across
- Prices of everything have increased.- gone up
- Try to minimize your expenses.- keep down
List: hand on, gone up, keep down, come across, call on.