Writing Skill Describing A Process
A “Process” means a connected series of actions, operations, changes, etc. required to get a finished product or to arrive at the final result. Usually, a flowchart or an outline is given and the students are asked to write a paragraph describing the process.
Description of a process is usually done in the Passive Voice
Writing Skill Describing A Process Examples Worked Out
1. Preparation of Tea:
Outlines: Cold water in a kettle-boil it-tea leaf put in a tea-pot-boiled water poured into the tea-pot-left for 2 minutes-sugar and milk added-stirred-poured in cups-served.]
To prepare tea, some cold water is first taken in a kettle. It is then boiled in an oven till the vapour comes out. Tea leaves are next put in a tea pot and the boiled water is poured into it.
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It is then left for two minutes for the leaves to soak. Sugar and milk are now added to it and the whole mixture is stirred with a tea spoon.
The tea is now ready. It is poured into cups through a strainer and served hot.
2. Processing of Guava Jelly:
[Outlines: Collecting ripe guavas-sorted and cleaned-cutting into small pieces-boiled, crushed seeds separated-sugar, syrup and preservative added-boiled again to make it thick-cooling and bottling in sterilised bottles-sealed and labelled-ready for sale.]
First, ripe guavas are collected from the garden. These are then sorted out and the rotten ones are removed.
The guavas are now cleaned with water and cut into small pieces.
These are then boiled in water and crushed to form a pulp. The pulp is next passed through a sieve to remove the seeds. Sugar, syrup and some preservatives are then added to the pulp and the mixture is boiled again till it becomes thick.
It is next allowed to cool and we get guava jelly. This is now filled in sterilized bottles which are sealed and labelled. They are now ready for sale.
3. Rubber Processing:
[Outlines: LATEX-milk white liquid-latex collected from rubber plantations-sent to factory- treated with chemicals-get rubber slabs-slabs cut into pieces–pressed with rollers-sheet treated in smoke-house for longer preservation-smoked and dried into sheets-sent to market.]
Rubber is a very useful material. It is produced from the milk-white liquid called latex obtained from rubber plants. Latex is first collected from rubber plantations.
The collection is then sent to factories in containers. The thick latex is now mixed with chemicals. It is turned into rubber slabs.
The slabs are cut into pieces and pressed with rollers. Thus sheets of rubber are obtained.
The rubber sheets are next sent to the smoke house for treatment.
This treatment enables the rubber to be preserved for a long period of time.
The treated rubber turns into dry sheets of rubber. These are then packed and sent to the market for sale.
4. Making Glassware:
[Outlines: Glass made from pure white sand-heated to a very high temperature-melts into thick syrup-soda and lime added to make it strong-long pipes are used to blow the molten mass- ball-shaped semi-molten things-twisting and turning cools down-beautiful glassware.]
Glass is made from pure white sand. When heated to a very high temperature, sand melts into a thick syrup. Soda and lime are next added to make it strong.
Long pipes are then used to blow the molten mass into ball-shaped semi-molten products.
A little bit of twisting and turning of this product gives varied forms of vessels which on cooling give us beautiful glassware.
5. Soap Making:
[Outlines: Coconut oil, caustic soda and water mixed in correct proportion-heating for half an hour allowing to cool-adding common salt-adding perfume-left for 12 hours-cutting to pieces- packed and sent to market. ]
To prepare soap coconut oil, caustic soda and water are mixed in the correct proportions.
The whole mixture is next heated for half an hour and then allowed to cool.
A requisite amount of common salt and perfume is then added to it.
The whole mixture is then left for 12 hours. The entire matter will solidify by this time.
It is then cut into pieces which are wrapped with colourful paper and packed in cartons. The soap pieces are now ready for marketing.
6. Formation of Rain:
[Outlines: Sun rays turn water in seas and streams into vapours in the sky the higher it goes the cooler it becomes → condenses into clouds hold water drops → falls on earth as rain. ]
water vapour rises high and becomes too heavy to
We know that three-fourths of the earth is water.
When sun rays fall on the seas, rivers, lakes, etc, the water gets heated and turns into vapour.
The hot vapour, being lighter than air, rises up and comes in contact with the cool air high in the sky.
The higher it goes, the cooler it becomes. When it becomes very cold, it condenses into droplets of water and forms clouds.
With more condensation the clouds become heavy and they can no longer hold the water droplets. These then fall on the earth in the form of rain.
7. Recruitment of Air Men by the Indian Air Force:
[Hints: Advertisement in newspaper-application-written test on Mathematics, Language and General knowledge-appearance before the Interview Board-medical examination-endurance test-selection-appointment letters follow. ]
For recruitment of Air-men in the Indian Air Force, advertisements inviting applications from candidates are published in important dailies.
The applications are then scrutinised and those found eligible are asked to sit for a written test on Mathematics, Language and General Knowledge.
The candidates securing qualified marks are next asked to appear before an Interview Board.
This is followed by Medical Examination. Then comes the Endurance Test which is the toughest part of all.
Only those who get through this last hurdle are selected finally as Air-men.
Appointment letters are then sent to the selected candidates.
8. Bringing out a School Magazine:
[ Hints: A magazine committee formed-notice given by the secretary-hand written writings collected-stories, poems, pictures, essays, and cartoons collected both in Bengali and English-writings sorted-good ones selected-a draft magazine made-manuscripts and a model of the book sent to the printers-proof correction-printed-distributed.]
To bring out a school magazine, first, a magazine committee is formed with the assistant headmaster as its secretary and a few other teachers and some senior students as the other members.
Notice is given by the secretary inviting writings from students and teachers.
The handwritten matters comprising stories, poems, pictures, essays, cartoons, etc. both in English and Bengali, are collected.
They are then sorted by the committee and the good ones are selected.
A draft magazine is then made and the manuscripts and the model book are sent for printing.
After several rounds of proof correction, the magazine is finally printed and bound by the binder.
The magazines are now ready for distribution.
9. Making a Piece of Pottery:
[Hints: Lump of clay taken-placed on flat turning wheel-potter gives shape with hands- baked in a kin-coated with a glaze for water-proofing-fired-painted-fired again-ready for the market. ]
A lump of clay properly pugged (“IN ZiHliüf)) is taken and placed on a flat turning wheel.
The potter rotates the wheel with a stick and gives shape to the piece of clay with his expert hands. The piece is then baked in a kiln.
After this, it is coated with a glaze for waterproofing. The piece is then fired.
It is painted with colours and decorated with various designs and fired again. The piece of pottery is now ready for sale in the market.
10. Manufacture of Paper:
Hints: Raw materials-wood, bamboo, grass, rags-cut into pieces, immersed in water and made into pulp-mixed with lime for whitening-Pulp is boiled-passed through wire meshes-wet paper-passed over heated rollers-thin sheets of paper-wound in rolls and sent to market]
We use lots of paper in our daily life. It is manufactured in factories in a big way to meet our demand.
Paper is generally made from four basic raw materials. These are wood, bamboo, rags and grass.
First, they are chopped into pieces, soaked in water and made into pulp with the help of a machine.
This is now mixed with an adequate quantity of lime for whitening. The pulp is then boiled thoroughly and allowed to pass through wire meshes.
We get the wet paper at this stage. This wet paper is then passed over heated rollers for drying and pressed into thin sheets. The paper is then wound in rolls and sent to market.
11. Production of Newspapers (M.P.-1991):
[Outlines: News collected by press reporters-pictures taken by press photographers-sorted and edited-types set in machines-paper rolls inserted-printed-folded and cut-newspapers ready for distribution-delivered.]
Production of newspapers is a rather simple process. First, news and pictures collected by the press reporters and press photographers are taken to the editor where they are edited.
Then types are set in machines and paper rolls are inserted in the printing machine.
The printing machine is then operated and the news is printed on the paper.
The newspapers are then folded and cut. These are now ready for distribution.
They are then collected by vendors or hawkers who deliver them to the readers at home.
12. Preparation of Re-hydration Mixture (M.P.-1992):
[Outlines: Clean hands, pots, teaspoon, tablespoon, cup-1 litre of water boiled-poured in a pot-2 tablespoonfuls of sugar or honey-1/4 teaspoonful of ordinary salt- orange juice 1/2 cup or a few drops of lemon juice-1/4 teaspoonful of soda bicarb (commonly called edible soda)-stirred-ready.]
A mixture useful for treating dehydration and diarrhoea is prepared by adding sugar, soda bicarb, ordinary salt and orange juice in required quantities in boiled water.
First, clean your hands properly and take a pot, teaspoon, tablespoon and a cup-all clean. Boil one litre of water, pour it into a pot and cool it.
Add 1/4 teaspoonful of ordinary salt, 2 tablespoonfuls of sugar or honey, 14 teaspoonfuls of soda bicarb and 1/2 cup of orange juice or a few drops of lemon juice to the water.
Stir the mixture well till the ingredients are dissolved. The mixture is now ready for use.
13. Hand Made Paper (M.P.-1994):
[Outlines: Rags /torn clothes-cut into small pieces-washed and cleaned-soaked and bleached for 3-4 days-beaten into pulp-spread and lifted in fine wire-net trays-overturned in blanket pieces- dried in sun or heating chamber-paper lifted from blanket-dipped in liquid gum-dried and packed- ready for market.]
The basic materials required for making handmade paper are rags or torn clothes. Rags and torn clothes are first collected.
They are then cut into small pieces, washed and cleaned thoroughly and soaked in water with bleaching powder for three or four days.
The material is then beaten into pulp and spread and lifted in fine wire-net trays.
Excess water is thus drained out. The whole thing is then overturned on blanket pieces and dried in the sun or a heating chamber.
The paper is then lifted from blanket pieces and dipped in liquid gum.
These are now dried again for some time and then packed. Handmade paper is now ready for sale in the market.
14. Production of Steel:
[Outlines: Iron ore mixed with coke and limestone taken to blast furnace-melted under high temperature-pig iron produced-purified in a special processor-steel.]
Steel is produced from iron ores. The ore is treated in different ways.
First, it is collected from mines. It is then mixed with coke and limestone and taken to a blast furnace where it is heated to a very high temperature.
It melts and pig iron is thus produced. It is then purified by a special process and steel is obtained as the final product.