WBBSE Class 9 Fundamentals Of History Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism

WBBSE Class 9 Fundamentals Of History Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Syllabus

What is the Industrial Revolution? When did it take place? Which were the location of the Industrial Revolution? Comparative discussion on Industrial revolutions in England and the Continent (using diagrams, timelines and maps).

Impact of Industrial Revolution on the Society, polity and Economy; Experience of England-Rise of an Industrial Society and its internal divisions; Rise of new Cities; migration from rural areas to the urban centres; Development of a bourgeois-Capilatist political system; Inequality of distributing the resources; Rise of new classes.

Different critiques of the Industrial Society-Socialist critiques; Critiques by Kari Marx and Friedrich Engels. A brief discussion on the process of colonial expansion as an outcome of the Industrial Revolution; Which European powers established their colonies outside of Europe? identify these locations with a map; Development of communication and transportation, mainly the railway, Suez Canal and Telegraph, system; Transformation of India from an exporter to an importer and its designation as ‘The Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire.’

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

Colonial rivalry and European Imperialism—Economic aspect of colonial rivalry; Search for markets to sell the surplus; Relations between the colonial rivalry and the jingoistic nationalism (in this context the discussion should be based on non-Indian experiences, mainly on the scramble for China and Africa); Conflict of Imperial powers; The First World War (upto its outbreak); A brief overview of the First World War based on maps, timelines and charts.

Did you know? ‘ Revolution in Industrial Technology; Ghetto; Factory system; Industrial Revolution and the position of women; Paris Commune; Henry de Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier; Tripple Alliance and Triple Entente; Sarajevo Incident.

(Contemporary paintings, newspaper reports and cartoons, maps, photographs etc.; Maps of the centres of the Industrial Revolution in Europe; Map of the First World War locating areas of expansion and its years and dates; Time-line of relevant issues; Diagrams and Statistical Data where ever possible).

WBBSE history solutions Industrial Revolution Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Synopsis

1. A peaceful revolution :

18th-century Europe witnessed a change in the method of production and transportation and the replacement of physical labour by power-driven machinery. This transformation of a qualitative and quantitative nature in industrial production through the application of scientific inventions ushered in a revolution which was altogether different from the ‘Revolutions’ that had hitherto taken place. (viz. French Revolution of 1789).

This peaceful revolution which meant a huge amount of production in a short time by use of technologies refers to the term- industrial Revolution, first coined by a French writer, Blanqui and subsequently used and popularised by Marx, Engels, Toynbee and others. The Industrial Revolution was preceded by a commercial and agricultural revolution which produced capital to invest.

2. Locations of industrial revolution :

The Industrial Revolution first started in England and then gradually spread to other parts of Europe like Belgium, France, Germany, Russia etc.

3. Impact of industrial revolution :

The Industrial Revolution had a great impact on the socio-political and economic life of the people of Europe. The Industrial Revolution led to the decline of the rural population and the small cottage industries. An urban society dependent on industries emerged which gave birth to various problems.

Two new classes, the rich capitalist class (owners of factories) and the exploited labourers, (workers of factories) came into existence. The rise of cities, the formation of the ‘ghettos’, the development of the Bourgeoisie- Capitalist political system, the concept of Socialism, the Workers’ movements, and the development of transport and communication were some of the features of the Industrial Revolution.

4. Birth of capitalism, colonialism and Imperialism :

The success of the Industrial Revolution depended on the availability of raw materials and suitable markets to sell surplus production. As a result, the capitalists in the industrially advanced countries of Europe pressured their governments to establish colonies in Asia and Africa. This naturally gave birth to colonization and aggressive imperialism.

5. Imperialist rivalry :

The imperialist rivalry of the industrially developed nations of Europe led to the creation of two camps by 1907. The camp was formed by the members of the Triple Alliance (1882) with Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary and the other camp was formed by the members of the Triple Entente England, Russia and France. The feeling of distrust, the arms race, the amassing of troops and compulsory military training made the situation apt for the outbreak of war.

6. The First World War:

The three crises that made the war inevitable were the Balkan crisis, the Morocco crisis and the Agadir crisis. Finally, the murder of the Austrian Prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie by a member of a Slav terrorist namely Princip in Sarajevo on June 28th 1914 provided the immediate cause of the outbreak of the First World War. The First World War commenced with Austria’s attack on Belgrade the capital of Serbia on 28th July 1914. It ended In 1918 with the signing of an armistice after the surrender of Germany.

Industrial Revolution and imperialism notes for Class 9 WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Important Words With Their Meanings

1. Conflict
A serious disagreement.

2. Industrial
Relating to or characterized by industry

3. Scientific
Based on the methods and principles of science

4. Capitalist
A person who uses his wealth to invest in trade and industry for profit under the principles of capitalism

5. Factory
A building where goods are manufactured or assembled by machine

6. Worker
A person who works in a specified way

7. Invention
The action of inventing something

8. Colony
A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country

9. Imperialism
A policy of extending a country’s power through colonization, the use of military force and other means.

10. Exploitation
Unfairly treating someone in order to gain a benefit

11. Aggression
Readiness to attack.

WBBSE Class 9 history Industrial Revolution and imperialism WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Names Of Some Important Persons And Their Work

Industrial Revolution’s global impact for Class 9 students Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Names Of Some Of The Scientists And Their Inventions

1. John Kay                                  Flying Shuttle
2. James Hargreaves                   Spinning Jenny
3. Richard Arkwright                   Water Frame
4. Samuel Crompton                   Spinning Mule
5. Edmund Cartwright                 Power Loom
6. James Watt                              Steam Engine
7. George Stephenson                Steam Locomotive
8. Samuel Morse                         Telegraph
9. Humphry Davy                        Safety Lamp
10. Alexander Graham Bell          Telephone

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Some Facts Related To The Industrial Revolution

1. Air Pollution, a major global problem has its origin from the Industrial Revolution.

2. The Reforms introduced in the Parliament of England in the 19th Century resulted in the outcome of the Industrial Revolution.

3. The penicillin vaccine and the vaccine for smallpox were discovered during the time of the Industrial Revolution.

4. The first modern factory was a water-powered cotton spinning mill. The mill Chronological Table was located in the village of Cromford Derbyshire. Today, the mill is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

5. Canal-building increased so much from 1790 to 1800 that it is known as ‘Canal- Mania’ and likewise an intense period of railway building in the 1840s is known as ‘Railway- Mania’.

6. The Stockton and Darlington Railway (SKDR) was the first passenger railway to use steam trains to transport passengers.

WBBSE history Chapter 4 solutions and notes Industrial Revolution Chronological table

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. There was a change in the mode of production in the 18th Century due to the ________.

1. Scientific inventions
2. Geographical discoveries
3. Political stability
4. Globalization.

Answer: 1. Scientific inventions

Question 2. The term Industrial Revolution came into vogue as early as ________.

1. 1830
2. 1837
3. 1845
4. 1860

Answer: 2. 1837

Question 3. According to Arnold Toynbee, the Industrial Revolution in England started in _________.

1. 1740
2. 1750
3. 1760
4. 1770

Answer: 3. 1760

Question 4. The Industrial Revolution had begun first in _________.

1. Germany
2. Italy
3. France
4. England

Answer: 4. England

Question 5. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe after the fall of ________.

1. Napoleon Bonaparte
2. Louis Philippe
3. Charles X
4. Napoleon 3

Answer: 1. Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 6. The railway construction in France started in _________.

1. 1830
2. 1832
3. 1848
4. 1849

Answer: 2. 1832

Question 7. The first railway line between Moscow and St. Petersburg was completed in __________.

1. 1850
2. 1851
3. 1852
4. 1853

Answer: 2. 1851

Question 8. Russia witnessed the beginning of industrial development from the time of _________.

1. Nicholas 1
2. Nicholas 2
3. Alexander 2
4. Alexander 2

Answer: 4. Alexander 2

Question 9. It is said that by 1914 around __________ millions of rubles of foreign currency were invested in Russia

1. 2000
2. 3000
3. 4000
4. 5000

Answer: 1. 2000

Question 10. In Germany, the railway was constructed with help from _______.

1. France
2. England
3. Russia
4. Spain

Answer: 2. England

Question 11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of __________.

1. Prussia
2. Russia
3. Austria
4. Sweden

Answer: 3. Austria

Colonialism and industrialization Class 9 WBBSE study guide

Question 12. _________ was the leader of the International Working Men’s Association.

1. Lenin
2. Engels
3. Fourier
4. Karl Marx

Answer: 4. Karl Marx

Question 13. David Livingstone was an __________.

1. Astronaut
2. Economist
3. Artist
4. Explorer

Answer: 4. Explorer

Question 14. Flying Shuttle was invented in ________.

1. 1731
2. 1732
3. 1733
4. 1734

Answer: 3. 1733

Question 15. _______ came to be known as the Dark Continent.

1. Asia
2. Africa
3. Europe
4. Australia

Answer: 2. Africa

Question 16. The ‘Luddite Riot’ broke out in ____________.

1. England
2. Spain
3. Portugal
4. France

Answer: 1. England

Question 17. The ‘March of the Blanketeers’ started from _______.

1. Manchester
2. Birmingham
3. Paris
4. Berlin

Answer: 1. Manchester

Question 18. In ________ the monopoly of the East India Company’s trade with India was abolished

1. 1812
2. 1813
3. 1814
4. 1815

Answer: 2. 1813

Question 19. ________ established its supremacy over the Shangtung region.

1. Austria
2. England
3. Germany
4. Russia

Answer: 3. Germany

Question 20. _______ forced China to cede Formosa and other islands.

1. England
2. France
3. Germany
4. Japan

Answer: 4. Japan

Question 21. __________ invented the Telegraph.

1. Samuel Morse
2. John Kay
3. James Watt
4. Humphry Davy

Answer: 1. Samuel Morse

Question 22. The Battle of __________ marked the beginning of the colonial rule of the British in India

1. Travancore
2. Plassey
3. Buxar
4. Daniela

Answer: 2. Plassey

Question 23. In __________ Queen Victoria assumed the title of the Empress of India

1. 1875
2. 1876
3. 1877
4. 1878

Answer: 3. 1877

Question 24. ________ named India as the brightest jewel in the crown of the British Empire.

1. David Livingstone
2. Karl Marx
3. Lord Mountbatten
4. Benjamin Disraeli

Answer: 1. Benjamin Disraeli

Question 25. _______ was killed in the Sarajevo Incident.

1. Winston Churchill
2. Benjamin Franklin
3. Franz Ferdinand
4. Gavrilo Princip.

Answer: 3. Franz Ferdinand

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Identify Which Of The Following Is “True ” Or “False”

Question 1. According to Phyllis Deane, the current convention is to date the first Industrial Revolution from 1780.
Answer: True

Question 2. Historians prefer to call it ‘ Industrial Evolution’ instead of ‘Industrial Revolution
Answer: True

Question 3. It is stated that the Industrial Revolution started in France and spread to other European countries later.
Answer: False

Question 4. The spinning Jenny was invented in 1764-65.
Answer: True

Question 5. Water Frame was invented in 1769.
Answer: True

Question 6. The spinning Mule was invented in 1779.
Answer: True

Question 7. Power Loom was invented in 1787.
Answer: True

Question 8. The Steam Engine was invented in 1769.
Answer: True

Question 9. The Steam Locomotive was invented in 1714.
Answer: False

Question 10. German experts went to different European states to help them in their industrial development.
Answer: False

Question 11. The Industrial Revolution couldn’t be successful without a substantial supply of raw materials and a market.
Answer: True

Question 12. America colonized India and England.
Answer: False

Question 13. The British government provided direct help to the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: False

Question 14. The Industrial Revolution changed the way of life of the people in Europe.
Answer: True

Question 15. The emergence of the factory system was due to the Industrial Revolution.
Answer: True

Question 16. The Industrial Revolution had a remarkable impact on the cotton textiles.
Answer: True

Question 17. V.l. Lenin wrote the book, ‘Imperialism is the Highest Stage of Capitalism’.
Answer: True

Question 18. Zollverein was formed in Germany in 1830
Answer: False

Question 19. Africa had a rich reserve of gold, rubies and diamonds.
Answer: True

Question 20. The two significant natural resources for the Industrial Revolution were iron and coal.
Answer: True

Question 21. Tunisia was occupied by the French in 1760.
Answer: False

Question 22. The Industrial Revolution in England occurred before the Agricultural Revolution.
Answer: False

Question 23. Napoleon III reorganized the Bank of France.
Answer: True

Question 24. The ‘Peterloo Massacre’ took place in 1918.
Answer: False

Question 25. Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1925.
Answer: False

Question 26. Mein Kampf was written by Friedrich Engels.
Answer: False

Question 27. Das Kapital was written by Karl Marx.
Answer: True

Question 28. The Communist Manifesto was published in 1848.
Answer: True

Question 29. The period between 1870 to 1914 is known as the ‘Age of Imperialism’.
Answer: True

Question 30. The Portuguese were the first to colonise Malaya.
Answer: True

Question 31. The Hawaiian Islands were occupied by Russia in 1893.
Answer: False

Question 32. Kaiser William II had the dream of establishing the authority of the Teutonic race in the world.
Answer: True

Question 33. The First Opium War was fought between the years 839 to 1842.
Answer: True

Question 34. John Hay declared the ‘Open Door Policy’ in 1914.
Answer: False

Question 35. The period from 1871 to 1913 is regarded as the ‘Age of Armed Peace’.
Answer: True

Question 36. The Treaty of Tientsin was signed in 1856.
Answer: True

Question 37. Alexander Graham Bell invented the Telephone System.
Answer: True

Question 38. Arthur Wellesley was the British General during the Battle of Plassey.
Answer: False

Question 39. Gavrilo Princip was a Slav by nationality.
Answer: True

Question 40. The First World War began on 28th July 1914.
Answer: True

Class 9 WBBSE notes on imperialism and industrialization

WBBSE Class 9 History Chapter 4 solutions – Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Match Column A with Column B

Question 1.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Question 2.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 3.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 4.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 5.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Question 6.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

Question 7.

Answer: (1) D, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C

Question 8.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

Question 9.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 10.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Question 11.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 12.

Answer: (1) D, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C

Question 13.

Answer: (1) B, (2) D, (3) A, (4) C

Question 14.

Answer: (1) B, (2) C, (3) D, (4) A

Colonialism and Imperialism in Industrial Revolution for WBBSE Class 9

WBBSE Chapter 4 Industrial Revolution: Colonialism And Imperialism Select The Correct Option Of The Following Statements

Question 1. Scholars differ in their opinion about the exact meaning of the term, ‘Industrial Revolution’.

1. The Industrial Revolution meant production by machine without the help of human labour.
2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the number of scientific inventions and their industrial application leading to a huge development in quality and quantity in industrial production.
3. The Industrial Revolution refers to the large-scale change in the social, political and economic life of people in Europe in the 18th Century.

Answer: 2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the number of scientific inventions and their industrial application leading to a huge development in quality and quantity in industrial production.

Question 2. England had a substantial supply of raw materials and markets to sell the surplus produce.

1.  England had colonies in America and the Indian subcontinent.
2. The Industrial Revolution began in England first, in Europe.
3. The scientific inventions created a conducive atmosphere for industrial development in England.

Answer: 1. England had colonies in America and the Indian subcontinent.

Question 3. The ‘Protective Policy ‘ was very important for industrial expansion.

1. It protected the industrial labour force.
2. It was a ‘Tariff Act’ protecting machine-made industrial products.
3. It was a policy adopted by France, Russia, and Germany to prevent British goods from hampering their industrial growth.

Answer: 3. It was a policy adopted by France, Russia, and Germany to prevent British goods from hampering their industrial growth.

Question 4. British industrialists took the task of building railroads.

1. It helped them to receive Government help.
2. They had a cheap supply of labour from India.
3. It helped them in the quick movements of raw materials and industrial goods.

Answer: 3. It helped them in the quick movements of raw materials and industrial goods.

Question 5. Industrialisation in France was slow.

1. The French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars made the situation unfit for industrialization.
2. The Bourbon Monarchs were opposed to the idea of industrial growth.
3. The French people were more concerned with their intellectual pursuits.

Answer: 1. The French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars made the situation unfit for industrialization.

Question 6. The actual beginning of Industrialisation in Russia started during the time of Czar Alexander II

1. The previous Czars were opposed to industrial expansion.
2. The construction of railways in 1862 provided the impetus to industrial development in Russia.
3. The abolition of serfdom created an atmosphere for the industry to flourish in Russia.

Answer: 3. The abolition of serfdom created an atmosphere for the industry to flourish in Russia.

Question 7. The Industrial Revolution had a deep social impact.

1. It gave birth to two sections of the population in the society the Capitalist class and the Labour class.
2. Both the factory owners and workers now enjoyed equal status in the society.
3. The middle class became the most important in the society.

Answer: 1. It gave birth to two sections of the population in the society the Capitalist class and the Labour class.

Question 8. As the industries developed the Capitalists amassed huge profits.

1. The industrialists reaped huge economic benefits by exploiting the working class.
2. Huge incentives were provided by the Governments to expand industrialization.
3. Machine-made products or industrial products being cheap were sold in huge quantities.

Answer: 1. The industrialists reaped huge economic benefits by exploiting the working class.

Question 9. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, cities became more and more crowded.

1. The Capitalists made investments to develop the cities.
2. City life provided freedom to people.
3. The poor peasants from the villages thronged the cities in search of jobs.

Answer: 3. The poor peasants from the villages thronged the cities in search of jobs.

Question 10. The workers became the most important constituent of the factories.

1.  It was because they were large in number.
2.  They were responsible for the production of different kinds of goods at a meagre pay.
3.  The workers were important for they knew about the despicable conditions in the factories.

Answer: 2. They were responsible for the production of different kinds of goods at a meagre pay.

Question 11. Charles Fourier dreamt of a society formed based on a ‘commune’.

1. He dreamt of this system assuming they would be extremely popular in America.
2. He was against personal property and capitalism and wanted to annul them.
3. He wanted to ensure the happiness of the women and children and wanted to set up ‘communes’.

Answer: 2. He was against personal property and capitalism and wanted to annul them.

Question 12. The Luddite Riots took place between 1811 and 1816.

1. The continuous ill effect on the working class community in the factories led to this upheaval.
2. The rural community being affected by the industrial expansion rose in rebellion.
3. The workers united and demanded an equal share of profit from the factory owners.

Answer: 1. The continuous ill effect on the working class community in the factories led to this upheaval.

Question 13. The period from 1870 to 1914 is regarded as the period of Neo-Imperialism.

1. In this period imperialist motives were a result of the French Revolution.
2. This period witnessed an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial power.
3. The concept of Neo-Imperialism emerged as a result of the teachings of Friedrich Engels.

Answer: 2. This period witnessed an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial power.

Question 14. India was called the Jewel in the Crown of the British Empire.

1. India was a colony of the British.
2. India was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution in Europe.
   
3. India was the provider as well as the importer of the goods from England.

Answer: 3. India was the provider as well as the importer of the goods from England.

Question 15. The geographical location of the Suez Canal has great importance.

1. It provides the shortest route through the water between Europe and Asia.
2. It hindered the establishment of new colonies by the Europeans.
3. It separated India from the rest of the world.

Answer: 1. It provides the shortest route through the water between Europe and Asia.

Question 16. The ‘Open Door Policy’ was announced by John Hay in 1899.

1. It put an end to the Opium Wars.
2. It helped in the imperialist policy of America.
3. It upheld the sovereignty of China.

Answer: 3. It upheld the sovereignty of China.

Question 17. The Sarajevo Incident was the immediate cause of the First World War.

1. It was due to the dual alliance that Bismarck entered with Austria-Hungary.
2. The war erupted on the question of controlling the Suez Canal.
3. As a result of the Sarajevo Incident, Austria attacked Serbia.

Answer: 3. As a result of the Sarajevo Incident, Austria attacked Serbia.