WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Syllabus

Russia :

From Tsarism to Socialism; Russian Revolution (1917) :

Social-Economic-Political background; Brief overview of the Russian Revolution with a timeline; Influence of the Russian Revolution on the contemporary social, political, and economic world.

A brief outline of the events of the First World War; International relations in the context of World War And the 14 point principles; The economic implications of the Treaty of Versailles; League of Nations; The Great Depression of 1929 and its impact in contemporary Europe and the USA; The substitution of Europe by the USA as the power center of the world.

Correlation between the Settlement of Versailles and the growth of aggressive nationalism; Economic crisis as a consequence of the Great Depression and the rise of Fascist and Nazi powers in Italy and Germany; The Spanish Civil War and the struggle between supporters and opponents of Fascism.

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

Did you Know? : Narodnik Movement; Lenin and his thought; NEP; Weimar Republic; Hoover Moratorium; Fascism and Nazism; Politics, Economics, and Racism; Spanish Civil War and progressive movements in India.

(Contemporary paintings, newspaper reports, and cartoons, maps, photographs, etc. Maps of Russia (in 1917), Europe (in 1919 and 1930); Timeline of relevant issues; Diagrams and Statistical data wherever possible).

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Synopsis

1. From Czarism to Socialism in Russia:

Europe in the twentieth century was described by Historian E. J. Hobsbawm as the ‘Age of Extremes’.

The whole world was entangled by the devastating war and its consequences. Also, there were democratic aspirations growing in the midst of rising Fascist power and domination of a single leader. Fascism fostered the ideologies of unquestioned power and feelings of hatred for other people.

The twentieth Century witnessed the establishment or implementation of the concepts of socialism and communism. Protests in Russia against the autocratic Czars and the exploitations of the aristocrats started brewing from the 19th Century which gradually came into the open during the rule of Czar Nicholas II (1894 to 1917).

The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) culminated in the Revolution of 1905 which was ruthlessly suppressed by the Czarist government but it was the ‘dress rehearsal for the Revolution of 1917’.

The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War exposed the weakness of the Czar and Russia’s participation in the First World War resulted in great miseries to the people.

By 1917 more and more people of Russia leaned towards the Bolshevik Party and got attracted towards their promise of – bread to the workers, peace to the army, and land to the peasants.

In February 1917 the first movement was launched against the Czarist rule. A Provisional Government was formed under Alexander Kerensky the leader of the Menshevik Party for a brief period which was overthrown by the Bolshevik Party under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin in November 1917.

The Great Revolution that took place in Russia is known as the Bolshevik Revolution or November Revolution or the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution had a far-reaching impact not only in Russia but across the world.

World politics was now divided into two sections- Capitalists and the Socialists. It also initiated the age of nationalist struggle against the colonial domination.

2. The First World War:

The Sarajevo Incident led to the immediate outbreak of the First World War (1914) which continued for four years and ended with the surrender of Germany(1918).

The First World War was a total war that was fought in the land, water, and air, involving most of the nations of Europe and destroying innumerable lives and properties across the world.

The First World War was fought between the Allied Powers formed with France, Britain, Italy, Russia, and Serbia and the Central Powers formed with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey.

3. Paris Peace Conference :

Upon the surrender of Germany on 11th November 1918 the Allies and representatives of 32 friendly nations attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 where after much discussion and consideration the Allies signed five treaties with the defeated States.

The most important of these treaties was the Treaty of Versailles which aimed at crippling Germany in such a way so that it could never raise its head again in Europe. German historians called this treaty ‘dictated peace’ and this humiliation made Germany look for an opportunity to avenge this insult.

Hence it is said the Treaty of Versailles contained the seeds of the Second World War. The ravages of the First World War affected all including the common people to the astute statesmen and it was natural for the world leaders to find ways to establish peace in the world.

Thus the US President Woodrow Wilson came up with his ‘Fourteen Points’ to bring in peace, to save democracy, and to reconstruct Europe. This eventually led to the establishment of an international peace organization or the League of Nations as it came to be known as.

4. Fascism in Italy :

In Italy, a political, social, and economic crisis occurred after the end of the First World War which struck a blow to the democratic system that was there in the country. Political instability was very common in post-war Italy and at this moment of anarchy, a new leader named Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919.

5. The Great Depression in the USA and contemporary Europe :

Another significant event of the twentieth century was the Great Depression of 1929. The economic crisis that ensued spread from the USA to Europe and had a profound impact on every part of the world.

6. Nazism in Germany :

Germany who at that time depended much on American investments and loans was hard hit. The economic crisis made the German people lose their faith in democracy and the Republican government.

Taking advantage of the situation the Nazi Party under Hitler drew people towards them. So the Great Depression helped the Nazi Party to come to power in Germany.

7. The Spanish Civil War :

The dictatorial rule of the Fascists like Benito Mussolini of Italy and Adolf Hitler of Germany inspired General Franco of Spain who revolted against the Popular Front Government. General Franco emerged victorious in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) with the active support of Hitler and Mussolini both of whom found another Fascist Comrade in him.

Professor David Thomson pointed out that Hitler benefited particularly from the Spanish Civil War. He utilized this opportunity to test his new weapons and warplanes.

The Spanish Civil War is considered as a “dress rehearsal for the Second World War”. The Spanish Civil War also exposed the weakness and ineffectiveness of the League of Nations.

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Important Words With Their Meanings

1. Dynasty
A line of hereditary rulers of a country

2. Conference
A formal meeting of people that takes place over several days

3. Allied
Joined by or relating to members of an alliance

4. Dictator
A ruler with total power over a country or one who has obtained control through use of force

5. Armistice
An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain period; a truce

6. Reparation
The action for making amends for a wrong one has done, by providing payment or other assistance to those who have been wronged.

7. Indemnity
Security or protection against a loss or other financial burden

8. Disarmament
The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapon

9. CiVil war
A war between citizens of the same country

10. Moratorium
A temporary prohibition of an activity

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Names Of Some Important People

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Chronological Table

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Some Relevant Information

1. On November 6 and 7,1917 the Bolshevik Revolution or Russian Revolution took place led by the Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin.

According to the Julian calendar, the dates were the 24th or 25th of October so the event is often referred as the October Revolution.

2. Leon Trotsky was a Soviet revolutionary, Marxist theorist, and politician whose particular strain of Marxist thought is known as Trotskyism.

3. Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin-

A conservative statesman of Russia who after the Russian Revolution of 1905 introduced agrarian reforms to improve the legal and economic status of the peasants and also the general economy and political stability of Russia.

4. A brief history of Jews under the Nazi Rule –

The history of Jews in Germany dates back to the Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. The Jewish Community in Germany started being prosecuted after the Nazis took power in 1933 and began implementing their Anti-Semitic policies and ideology.

In 1935 and 1936 the prosecution of the Jews increased. They were banned from all professional jobs and prevented from participating in education, politics, higher education, and industry.

The most famous incident in the persecution of the Jews occurred on the night of November 9-10 1938. Jewish shops and offices were smashed and vandalized, many synagogues were destroyed by the SS ( Schutzstaffel ).

The Incident came to be known as the Night of the Broken Glass ( Kristallnacht ). Almost 60% of the Jewish Population emigrated during the first 6 years of Nazi Rule. About 214000 Jews were left in Germany on the eve of the Second World War.

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. From 1547, the Russian kings were known as the ______.

1. Czars
2. Sultan
3. Kaiser
4. Badshah

Answer: 1. Czars

Question 2. The Romanov dynasty ruled ______.

1. China
2. Russia
3. Japan
4. Turkey

Answer: 2. Russia

Question 3. The last Czar of Russia was ______.

1. Alexander 2
2. Nicholas 1
3. Nicholas 2
4. Ivan 4

Answer: 3. Nicholas 2

Question 4. The Czarist autocracy reached its height at the time of ______.

1. Nicholas 1
2. Nicholas 2
3. Alexander 2
4. Alexander 3

Answer: 4. Alexander 3

Question 5. The meaning of Narodnaya Volya is

1. People’s Will
2. God’s Will
3. Worker’s Will
4. Children’s Will

Answer: 1. People’s Will

Question 6. _______ was the proponent of the April Thesis.

1. Stalin
2. Lenin
3. Trotsky
4. Mussolini

Answer: 2. Lenin

Question 7. The Nihilist Movement in Russia expanded at the time of _______.

1. Alexander 1
2. Alexander 2
3. Alexander 3
4. Ivan 4

Answer: 2. Alexander 2

Question 8. The German currency is known as _______.

1. Yen
2. Pound
3. Deutsche Mark
4. Dollar

Answer: 3. Deutsche Mark

Question 9. The American share market crashed on ________.

1. 24th October 1929
2. 25th October 1929
3. 26th October 1929
4. 27th October 1929

Answer: 1. 24th October 1929

Question 10. Herbert Hoover became the President of the USA in ________.

1. 1924
2. 1925
3. 1927
4. 1929

Answer: 1. 24th October 1929

Question 11. Rasputin was a ________ .

1. Politician
2. Actor
3. Poet
4. Monk

Answer: 4. Monk

Question 12. According to Lenin the Revolution of _______ was a dress rehearsal of the Revolution of 1917.

1. 1905
2. 1907
3. 1912
4. 1914

Answer: 1. 1905

Question 13. Pravda was considered to be the mouthpiece of the _________.

1. Nazis
2. Fascists
3. Bolsheviks
4. Mensheviks

Answer: 3. Bolsheviks

Question 14. The new Republican Government was established at _________ in Germany, after the First World War

1. Berlin
2. Weimar
3. Munich
4. Dusseldorf

Answer: 2. Weimar

Question 15. In _________ the Weimar Republic was established in Germany.

1. 1914
2. 1917
3. 1919
4. 1921

Answer: 3. 1919

Question 16. ________ introduced the system called ‘War Commission’.

1. Hitler
2. Lenin
3. Mussolini
4. Stalin

Answer: 2. Lenin

Question 17. ________ assumed the title,’Fuhrer’

1. Mussolini
2. General Franco
3. Hitler
4. Alphonso3

Answer: 3. Hitler

Question 18. The general election of ______ in Spain led to the formation of a republican government.

1931

1932

1933

1934

Answer: 1. 1931

Question 19. The ______ flag had a black Swastika symbol.

1. Spanish
2. Russian
3. Italian
4. Nazi

Answer: 4. Nazi

Question 20. The ‘Herrenvolk Theory’ was the brainchild of the

1. Nazis
2. Fascists
3. Communists
4. Socialists.

Answer: 1. Nazis

Question 21. Adolf Hitler was born in a village in _________.

1. Belgium
2. Sweden
3. Austria
4. Denmark

Answer: 3. Austria

Question 22. The Fourteen Point Principles of Woodrow Wilson called for _________.

1. Socialism
2. Nationalism
3. Communism
4. Fascism

Answer: 2. Nationalism

Question 23. The Great Depression of 1929 was due to ________ crisis.

1. Social
2. Religious
3. Economic
4. Political

Answer: 3. Economic

Question 24. Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of __________.

1. Austria
2. Britain
3. Italy
4. Spain

Answer: 2. Britain

Question 25. The Allies got control of _________ percent of Germany’s coal by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

1. 40
2. 50
3. 60
4. 70.

Answer: 1. 40

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Identify Which Of The Following Is “True” Or “False”

Question 1. Mikhail Romanov founded the Romanov Dynasty in Russia in 1613.
Answer: True

Question 2. Ivan IV first assumed the title of Czar in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 3. The Legislative Assembly of Germany was called Duma.
Answer: False

Question 4. Nicholas, I was the last Czar of Russia.
Answer: False

Question 5. Czar Alexander II was assassinated by one of the members of Narodnaya Volya.
Answer: True

Question 6. In the 19th Century Russia, the word ‘narod’ meant peasantry.
Answer: True

Question 7. Czarina Alexandra was the queen of Czar Nicholas II.
Answer: True

Question 8. The writings of Gorky, and Dostoevsky revealed the tyrannical rule of the Czars in Russia.
Answer: True

Question 9. ‘Pravda’ revealed the feelings of the Nazis.
Answer: False

Question 10. Alexander Kerensky was the leader of the Menshevik Party.
Answer: True

Question 11. Lenin presented his April Theses to the Bolshevik workers.
Answer: True

Question 12. Czar Nicholas II resigns on 7th November 1917.
Answer: False

Question 13. The November Revolution was instrumental in bringing the end of the Hohenzollern dynasty of Germany and the Hapsburg dynasty in Austria.
Answer: True

Question 14. Sun Yat-sen of China and Kemal Pasha of Turkey was helped by Russia in their fight for freedom of their countries.
Answer: True

Question 15. M.N.Roy of India attended the second session of the ‘Comintern’ in 1920.
Answer: True

Question 16. In the Battle of Marne (1914), the Germans successfully stopped the French.
Answer: False

Question 17. In 1919, USA joined the Allied Powers of the First World War.
Answer: False

Question 18. On 11th November 1917, Germany surrendered before the Allied Powers.
Answer: False

Question 19. The First World War led to the destruction of property across the world.
Answer: True

Question 20. Woodrow Wilson was the US Foreign Secretary in 1918.
Answer: False

Question 21. Clemenceau, the French Prime Minister led the peace conference in Paris in 1919.
Answer: True

Question 22. In 1919, Orlando was the Italian Premier.
Answer: True

Question 23. The Hoover Moratorium was declared on 1914.
Answer: False

Question 24. The League of Nations was the brainchild of Woodrow Wilson.
Answer: True

Question 25. According to Eric Hobsbawm, the Great Depression was largely responsible in turning Adolf Hitler into a German hero.
Answer: True

Question 26. Benito Mussolini was born in the family of blacksmiths.
Answer: True

Question 27. The symbol of the Fascist Party was a ‘bound bundle of wooden rods’.
Answer: True

Question 28. In 1921, the Fascist Party was formed in Italy.
Answer: False

Question 29. The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street collapsed on 1930.
Answer: False

Question 30. Mussolini edited the newspaper II Popolo.
Answer: True

Question 31. Anton Drexler formed the German Workers’ Party.
Answer: True

Question 32. The German Workers’ Party later came to be known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the Nazi Party.
Answer: True

Question 33. Mein Kampf is regarded as the ‘Bible of the Nazis’.
Answer: True

Question 34. The national anthem, ‘Awakened Germany’ was composed by Wagner.
Answer: True

Question 35. Gestapo was the secret police of the Fascist Party.
Answer: False

Question 36. Alfonso III ruled with the help of the parliament called ‘Cortes’.
Answer: True

Question 37. General Franco was exiled to the British Isles.
Answer: False

Question 38. Primo de Rivera resigned in 1930.
Answer: True

Question 39. The Spanish Civil war had a strong influence on many Indians.
Answer: True

Question 40. The Spanish Civil War is regarded as the ‘dress rehearsal for the Second World War’.
Answer: True

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Match Column A With Column B

Question 1.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 2.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d,  (3) b, (4) a

Question 3.

Answer: (1) b, (2) a, (3) d, (4) c

Question 4.

Answer: (1) d, (2) c, (3) a, (4) b

Question 5.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) b, (4) a

Question 6.

Answer: (1) c, (2) a, (3) d, (4) b

Question 7.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 8.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 9.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 10.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 11.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 12.

Answer: (1) d, (2) a, (3) b, (4) c

Question 13.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

Question 14.

Answer: (1) c, (2) d, (3) a, (4) b

Question 15.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

Question 16.

Answer: (1) b, (2) c, (3) d, (4) a

WBBSE Chapter 5 Europe In The 20th Century Select The Correct Option Of The Following Statements

Question 1. Czarism had its beginning in Russia even before the Romanov rule started.

1. The Russians adopted the title, Czar from Caesar.
2. Czarism was synonymous with the despotism of the Russian rulers.
3. It was Ivan IV who first took the title of Czar in 1547.

Answer: 3. It was Ivan IV who first took the title of Czar in 1547.

Question 2. The Revolution of 1917in Russia was an event of great importance.

1. It ended serfdom in Russia.
2. It brought about significant changes in the social, political, and economic life of Russia.
3. It transformed Russia into one of the biggest nations in Europe.

Answer: 2. It brought about significant changes in the social, political, and economic life of Russia.

Question 3. Russia under the Czars was a prison house of nations.

1. The Czars imposed repressive policies on the non-Russian people who formed almost 20% of the Russian population.
2. The non-Russians were opposed to the despotic Czars.
3. The non-Russians wanted to uphold the ideas of nationalism much to the dislike of the Czars.

Answer: 1. The Czars imposed repressive policies on the non-Russian people who formed almost 20% of the Russian population.

Question 4. The miseries of the serfs continued in Russia even after the annulment of Serfdom in 1861.

1. Russian Czars often imprisoned them without trial.
2. Almost 2.5 million Russians started working in factories and the serfs were completely neglected.
3. The serfs were poor, they had no right or ownership over land and were dominated by the ‘Mir’.

Answer: 3. The serfs were poor, they had no right or ownership over land and were dominated by the ‘Mir’.

Question 5. The Revolt of1905 in Russia failed.

1. It was nothing more than a skirmish among the peasants and the Russian police.
2. The Czarist rule in Russia brutally destroyed this movement.
3. It was nothing more than an intellectual uprising.

Answer: 2. The Czarist rule in Russia brutally destroyed this movement.

Question 6. Peter the Great was regarded as the ‘Father of Modern Russia’

1. It was during his reign industrialization started in Russia.
2. He ended Czarist rule in Russia.
3. He was the first to take the initiative to modernize Russia.

Answer: 3. He was the first to take the initiative to modernize Russia.

Question 7. In the 60s of the 19th Century, the Narodnik Movement took place in Russia.

1. The movement aimed to murder Czar Alexander 2
2. It was a movement that tried to reach out to the peasants.
3. it was directed to stall the industrialization process in Russia.

Answer: 2. It was a movement that tried to reach out to the peasants.

Question 8. The Russian mystic Rasputin was a hypocrite.

1. He preached revolutionary ideas to the Russian peasants.
2. He secretly supported the Russian intellectuals.
3. He had a great influence on Czarina Alexandra and controlled the administration of Russia.

Answer: 3. He had a great influence on Czarina Alexandra and controlled the administration of Russia.

Question 9. The Revolution of 1905 was a dress rehearsal for the Revolution of 1917.

1. This Revolution helped in achieving some constitutional reforms in Russia.
2. This was a Revolution by the Bolsheviks against the despotic Czar.
3. This Revolution for the first time recognized the demands of the workers.

Answer: 2. This was a Revolution by the Bolsheviks against the despotic Czar.

Question 10. The Bolshevik Government introduced a system called, War Communism.

1. It meant only the members of the Communist Party would go to the war.
2. It meant to appoint the Council of People’s Commissars as an organ of the government.
3. It meant the control of the state on every sphere of economic activities and a military attempt to check counter-revolution and wars.

Answer: 3. It meant the control of the state on each sphere of economic activities and a military attempt to check counter-revolution and wars.

Question 11. In 1917, the resources of the Allied Powers increased greatly.

1. It was by this time Germany became weak.
2. It was the participation of the USA that strengthened the power of the Allies.
3. It was during this time the European economy became quite strong.

Answer: 2. It was the participation of the USA that strengthened the power of the Allies.

Question 12. The Allied Powers failed to rise above the spirit of retaliation.

1. As a result, the ‘Fourteen Points’ of Woodrow Wilson was implemented.
2. The Allied Powers wanted to make the world safe for democracy.
3. The Allied Powers wanted to gain advantages through various concessions and fulfill their national interests.

Answer: 3. The Allied Powers wanted to gain advantages through various concessions and fulfill their national interests.

Question 13. The Bolshevik Revolution had a strong influence on the anti-colonial nationalist movements.

1. Both Sun Yat-sen of China and Kemal Pasha of Turkey received help from Russia in their freedom struggle.
2. It led to the rise of a new political system.
3. The Bolshevik Revolution guaranteed the independence of all nations.

Answer: (1) Both Sun Yat-sen of China and Kemal Pasha of Turkey received help from Russia in their freedom struggle.

Question 14. The German currency, Deutsch Mark lost its worth.

1. The German people wanted to go back to the ‘barter system’.
2. The use of gold coins as their currency was favored by the German people.
3. As the German Government printed more and more paper notes, the value of it dropped.

Answer: 3. As the German Government printed more and more paper notes, the value of it dropped.

Question 15. Lenin was not a ‘textbook Communist’ but a realist.

1. He introduced the New Economic Policy that saved Russia from an economic disaster.
2. He banned all private enterprises.
3. He gave the Russians equal rights and equal status.

Answer: 1. He introduced the New Economic Policy that saved Russia from an economic disaster.

Question 16. The Great Depression helped turn Hitler into a German hero.

The German people being affected by the depression leaned towards despotism and lost faith in democracy.
Aggressive nationalism received a great impetus from the Great Depression.
The Great Depression helped the Nazi Party to gain huge wealth.

Answer: 1. The German people being affected by the depression leaned towards despotism and lost faith in democracy.

Question 17. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and the Central Powers in 1918.

1. Russia stepped out of the First World War by signing this treaty.
2. Russia tried to take the position of a peacemaker by signing this treaty.
3. Russia wanted to stay away from European politics by signing this treaty.

Answer: 1. Russia stepped out of the First World War by signing this treaty.

Question 18. After the Revolution of 1917, there was unprecedented growth in the Russian economy.

1. Russian industries received help from the capitalist countries of Europe.
2. The Revolution ended the exploitation of the workers and peasants which helped in economic development.
3. The introduction of the method of ‘Economic Planning’ helped in the economic growth.

Answer: 3. The introduction of the method of ‘Economic Planning’ helped in economic growth.

Question 19. The First World War was a ‘total war

1. A vast number of people were killed and the war destroyed huge property.
2. The war was fought in the air, in the seas, and on the land and crossed the boundaries of Europe.
3. It was called a ‘total war’ because the USA participated in it.

Answer: 2. The war was fought in the air, in the seas, and on the land and crossed the boundaries of Europe.

Question 20. The November Revolution of Russia can also be called a Socialist Revolution which transformed Russia into a socialist country.

1. The Revolution of 1917 ended the privileges of the church and the aristocracy in Russia.
2. The system of private property was completely abolished in Russia after the Revolution of 1917.
3. The Revolution of 1917 ended Czarist rule in Russia and a new Russian government with Lenin as the President was formed.

Answer: 3. The Revolution of 1917 ended Czarist rule in Russia and a new Russian government with Lenin as the President was formed.

Question 21. The United States of America entered the First World War in 1917.

1. USA joined the war to display her naval power to the rest of the world.
2. By sinking the American merchant ships in early 1917, Berlin compelled the USA to join the war.
3. The USA wanted to establish its control over the rest of the world.

Answer: 2. By sinking the American merchant ships in early 1917, Berlin compelled the USA to join the war.

Question 22. The Allies and representatives from 32 countries met at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.

1. The main aim of the treaty was to truncate the power of Germany.
2. The treaty attempted to ensure peace and security in the world.
3. It was aimed to implement the ‘Fourteen Points’ of Woodrow Wilson.

Answer: 2. The treaty attempted to ensure peace and security in the world.

Question 23. The Treaty of Versailles is considered by German historians as ‘dictated peace’.

1. By this treaty, the Allied powers wanted to reconstruct the map of Europe through peaceful measures.
2. The principal objective of this treaty was the announcement of disarmament.
3. The primary objective of this treaty was to cripple Germany in such a way that it could never raise its head again in the future in Europe.

Answer: 3. The primary objective of this treaty was to cripple Germany in such a way that it could never raise its head again in the future in Europe.

Question 24. 24th October 1929 is remembered in history as the Black Thursday.

1. On this day a large number of people in the USA lost their jobs.
2. It was on this day the American share market crashed.
3. It was from this day USA stopped giving financial help to Europe.

Answer: 3. It was on this day the American share market crashed.

Question 25. The rise of Fascism in Italy was not due to the effect of the Great Economic Depression.

1. It was as early as 1919, that the Fascist Party was formed in Italy under Benito Mussolini.
2. By 1926, all other political parties were banned in Italy.
3. King Victor Emmanuel invited Mussolini to become the Prime Minister on 30th October 1922.

Answer: 1. It was as early as 1919, that the Fascist Party was formed in Italy under Benito Mussolini.

Question 26. Mein Kampf was called the ‘Bible of the Nazis’.

1. it discussed the rise and fall of the Third Reich.
2. It was the political manifesto of the Nazi Party.
3. The book was very popular and about 500,000 copies of the book were sold within five years.

Answer: 2. It was the political manifesto of the Nazi Party.

Question 27. The Spanish Civil War is regarded as a dress rehearsal for the Second World War.

1. It led to the formation of the ‘Popular Front’.
2. Hitler benefitted largely from this war.
3. Almost all the countries of Europe either directly or indirectly got involved in the Spanish Civil War.

Answer: 3. Almost all the countries of Europe either directly or indirectly got involved in the Spanish Civil War.