WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Syllabus

Concept of Nationalism and concept of the Nation-State; Conflict of Monarchical and Nationalist states ideas: Vienna Settlement; Metternich System. Revolutions of 1830 and 1848—In what ways did these two Revolutions represent the conflict between Monarchical and Nationalist ideas?

Expression of Nationalist ideas in Italy (Risorgimento, Young Italy) and Germany; Brief discussion on the making of Nation-States in Italy and Germany; Blood and Iron Policy of Bismarch; Ottoman Empire and the rise of Balkan Nationalism; Crimean War; Tsar Alexander ll’s abolition of Serfdom.

Did you know? : The July Monarch; The July Revolution of 1830 and Raja Rammohan Ray; Zollverem; Ems Telegram; Greek nationalism and the Hetairia Philike. (Contemporary paintings, photographs, and maps. Maps of Europe In 1815, the Centresotcevouion of 1848, Italy, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire. Timeline of important Incidents concerning these topics).

WBBSE Solutions For Class 9 Fundamentals Of History

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Synopsis

1. Conflict of Monarchial and Nationalist ideas :

The fall of Napoleon Bonaparte ushered in a new age in the history of Europe. It left Europe amid two conflicting ideas
(1) Autocratic monarchy, church, and feudalism or monarchical ideas
(2) The ideas perpetuated by the French Revolution like democracy, nationalism, and liberalism.

2. The Congress of Vienna :

After the exile of Napoleon, the first international conference of Europe was held in Vienna between September 1814 and June 1815. All the European states barring the Pope and the Sultan of Turkey attended this conference. Though the Big Four namely Austria, Prussia, England, and Russia dominated this conference, it was the Austrian Chancellor, Prince Klemens Von Metternich who had the ultimate say. He presided over the Vienna Conference of 1815.

To solve the complex situation that arose after the Napoleonic wars and the French Revolution the leaders of the Vienna Congress adopted three basic principles. The Principle of Legitimacy ii.The Principle of Compensation iii.The Principle of Balance of Power.

3. The July and February Revolutions in France :

These principles restored the pre-revolutionary era and brought back the old monarchies, compensated the allies who helped to defeat Napoleon, and prevented France from becoming aggressive in the future. But it completely ignored the will of the common people or the trend of the time. As a result, the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in France sparked nationalism in many countries of Europe.

The July Revolution (1830J brought an end to the Divine right of Kingship in France. It also sealed the fate of the Bourbon dynasty forever. After the February Revolution (1848), Louis Philippe, the ruler of the Orleans dynasty, abdicated and France was declared a ‘Republic.’

4. Unification of Italy and Germany :

Italy and Germany emerged as nation-states. The Greeks who were also influenced by the lofty ideals of the French Revolution declared independence in 1830. Italy was divided into many small kingdoms. It was Giuseppe Mazzini, Camilo Benso Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi who enabled the Italian unification. (1870) In Germany it was primarily the blood and iron and the coal and iron policies of Otta Von Bismarck that paved the path of German unification(1871) through three wars against Denmark (1864), Austria (1866) and France (1870).

5. The Crimean War :

The weakness of the Ottoman Empire and the hopes and aspirations of the Christian nationalities created trouble in the Balkan region. The Russian aggression on Turkey made England, Austria, and France join hands in support of Turkey which ultimately led to the Crimean War (1854 to 1856). The Treaty of Paris brought an end to the Crimean War but the pertinent issue of the ‘Eastern Question’ remained unresolved.

Meanwhile, during the peasant revolt in Russia Czar Alexander II signed the “Edict of became rampant and the serfs became Emancipation” and abolished serfdom in desperate for their freedom. Finally in 1861, Russia.

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Important Words With Their Meanings

1. Conflict
A serious disagreement.

2. Monarch
A sovereign head of a state

3. Nationalism
Advocacy of or support for the political independence of a particular nation or people.

4. Republic
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives and a president is elected or nominated rather than a monarch

5. Pact
A formal agreement between individuals or parties.

6. Treaty
A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.

7. Czar
An emperor of Russia before 1917

8. Emancipation
The fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions.

9. Dynasty
A line of hereditary rulers of a country.

10. Reform
Make changes to improve.

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Names Of Some Important Personalities

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Chronological Table

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. The fall of Napoleon led to the conference of important European powers at __________ in 1815.

1. Vienna
2. Parma
3. Sicily
4. Savoy

Answer: 1. Vienna

Question 2. The Principle of Legitimacy applied to the _______.

1. Feudal lords
2. Common man
3. Monarchical rights
4. Rights of the clergy

Answer: 3. Monarchical rights

Question 3. Prince Hardenberg represented _________ at the Vienna Congress.

1. Russia
2. Prussia
3. Sweden
4. Austria

Answer: 2. Prussia

Question 4. Following the Principle of Legitimacy, the _________ family was in charge of the monarchy in Holland

1. Bourbon
2. Habsburg
3. Orange
4. Orleans

Answer: 3. Orange

Question 5. Napoleon had to abdicate after the Battle of the Nations in _______.

1. 1814
2. 1815
3. 1816
4. 1819

Answer: 1. 1814

Question 6. One of the first two nation-states of Europe was _______.

1. Prussia
2. Russia
3. Austria
4. France

Answer: 4. France

Question 7. __________ presided over the Vienna Conference of 1815.

1. Metternich
2. Alexander 1
3. Nicholas 1
4. Talleyrand

Answer: 1. Metternich

Question 8. Following the Principle of Legitimacy, the _____ dynasty once again occupied the throne in Sardinia and Piedmont.

1. Stuart
2. Romanov
3. Savoy
4. Orange

Answer: 3. Savoy

Question 9. A bund comprising 39 __________ kingdoms was formed

1. French
2. German
3. Russian
4. Turkish

Answer: 2. German

Question 10. The Concert of Europe was formed in __________.

1. 1813
2. 1814
3. 1815
4. 1816.

Answer: 3. 1815

Question 11. Following the Principle of Legitimacy ___________ of the Bourbon dynasty ascended the throne of France,

1. Louis XIV
2. Louis XV
3. Louis XVI
4. Louis XVIII

Answer: 4. Louis XVIII

Question 12. The great Indian personality _________ was very happy at the success of the July Revolution of 1830.

1. Swami Vivekananda
2. Raja Rammohan Roy
3. Louis Vivian Derozio
4. Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: 2. Raja Rammohan Roy

Question 13. In __________ France was declared a Republic for the first time.

1. 1789
2. 1790
3. 1791
4. 1792

Answer: 4. 1792

Question 14. On _____ France was declared a Republic for the second time.

1. July 1830
2. February 1848
3. July 1836
4. February 1854

Answer: 2. February 1848

Question 15. ___________ became the President of the provisional republican government of France after the February Revolution of 1848.

1. Polignac
2. Capponi
3. Lamartine
4. Cantu

Answer: 3. Lamartine

Question 16. Historian ___________ called the period from 1815 to 1848 as the “Age of Metternich

1. Fisher
2. A.J.P. Taylor
3. David Thompson
4. Louis Blanc

Answer: 1. Fisher

Question 17. ___________ Was the leader of the July Revolution Of 1830 in France.

1. St.Simon
2. Polignac
3. Francis 2
4. Adolphe Thiers.

Answer: 4. Adolphe Thiers.

Question 18. __________ was known as the “Father of European Conservatism”.

1. Castlereagh
2. Talleyrand
3. Metternich
4. Alexander I

Answer: 3. Metternich

Question 19. Metternich was the Chancellor of Austria for a period of _________ years.

1. 15
2. 20
3. 30
4. 40

Answer: 4. 40

Question 20. ________ was the last Bourbon monarch of France.

1. Louis IV
2. Louis XV
3. Louis XVI
4. Louis XVIII

Answer: 4. Louis XVIII

Question 21. Italy was reduced to a mere “Geographical Expression” by ______.

1. Alexander I
2. Metternich
3. Mazzini
4. Garibaldi

Answer: 2. Metternich

Question 22. Louis Napoleon was the ___________ of Napoleon Bonaparte.

1. Cousin
2. Brother
3. Nephew
4. Grandson

Answer: 3. Nephew

Question 23. ____________ was the birthplace of the Renaissance in Europe in the 15th Century.

1. France
2. Italy
3. Denmark
4. England

Answer: 2. Italy

Question 24. Young Italy was founded by ___________.

1. Giuseppe Mazzini
2. Giuseppe Garibaldi
3. Count Cavour
4. Victor Emmanuel.

Answer: 1. Giuseppe Mazzini

Question 25. ____________ was considered the “Brain of the Italian Unification Movement”.

1. Mazzini
2. Garibaldi
3. Count Cavour
4. Louis Kossuth.

Answer: 3. Count Cavour

Question 26. Philike Hetairia was a secret society formed in __________.

1. Japan
2. Greece
3. Holland
4. Hungary

Answer: 2. Greece

Question 27. The Troppau Protocol was implemented in _________.

1. 1821
2. 1822
3. 1823
4. 1824

Answer: 1. 1821

Question 28. The Treaty of Plombieres was signed between Count Cavour and ____________.

1. Bismarck
2. Nicholas I
3. Louis Napoleon
4. Louis Kossuth

Answer: 3. Louis Napoleon

Question 29. The Treaty of Plombieres was signed in _____.

1. 1852
2. 1854
3. 1856
4. 1824

Answer: 4. 1824

Question 30. Bismarck had to fight ___________ to achieve the unification of Germany.

1. Three
2. Four
3. Five
4. Six

Answer: 1. Three

Question 31. The Austro-Prussian war took place in ________.

1. 1856
2. 1866
3. 1870
4. 1871

Answer: 2. 1866

Question 32. The Franco-Prussian war took place in __________.

1. 1854
2. 1866
3. 1870
4. 1871

Answer: 3. 1870

Question 33. __________ of Turkey tried to bring about enlightened reforms or Tanzimat.

1. Abdul Mazid
2. Sultan Mohammad 2
3. Abdul Aziz
4. Abdul Hamid 2

Answer: 2. Sultan Mohammad 2

Question 34. Czar ________ of Russia supported the Pan-Slav movement.

1. Alexander 1
2. Nicholas 1
3. Alexander 2
4. Nicholas 2

Answer: 3. Alexander 2

Question 35. The Treaty of Reichstadt was made in ________.

1. 1870
2. 1871
3. 1875
4. 1877

Answer: 4. 1877

Question 36. Around __________ soldiers lost their lives in the Crimean War.

1. 4,00,000
2. 5,00,000
3. 6,00,000
4. 8,00,000

Answer: 2. 5,00,000

Question 37. The crown of a united Germany was offered to ___________.

1. Victor Emmanuel 2
2. Francis 2
3. Bismarck
4. Frederick William 4

Answer: 4. Frederick William 4

Question 38. England and France supported __________ in the Crimean War.

1. Russia
2. Turkey
3. Greece
4. China

Answer: 1. Turkey

Question 39. Carbonari was a secret society formed in _________.

1. Greece
2. Italy
3. Russia
4. Spain

Answer: 2. Italy

Question 40. _________ was the leader of the Red Shirts.

1. Cavour
2. Metternich
3. Garibaldi
4. Kamal Pasha

Answer: 3. Garibaldi

Question 41. __________ was given the title, “Czar the Liberator”.

1. Alexander 1
2. Nicholas 1
3. Alexander 2
4. Napoleon 3

Answer: 3. Alexander 2

Question 42. The ” Edict of Emancipation” was signed on ___________.

1. 1861
2. 1862
3. 1863
4. 1864

Answer: 1. 1861

Question 43. The “Edict of Emancipation”, was declared to give freedom to the ______.

1. Women
2. Nobles
3. Clergies
4. Serfs

Answer: 4. Serfs

Question 44. Prince Leopold belonged to the _________ dynasty.

1. Bourbon
2. Hohenzollern
3. Orleans
4. Stuart

Answer: 2. Hohenzollern

Question 45. The Treaty of Gastein was signed by Denmark in ________.

1. 1865
2. 1866
3. 1867
4. 1868

Answer: 1. 1865

Question 46. Zollverein was founded under the initiative of ___________.

1. Mazzini
2. Bismarck
3. Mazzen
4. Hegel

Answer: 3. Mazzen

Question 47. __________ gave the right of self-rule to Norway.

1. King of Holland
2. King of Sweden
3. King of Prussia
4. King of Russia

Answer: 2. King of Sweden

Question 48. After the February Revolution in 1848, Metternich fled in disguise to __________.

1. Greece
2. Egypt
3. England
4. America

Answer: 3. England

Question 49. The last Holy Roman Emperor was _______.

1. Charlemagne
2. Charles 4
3. Frederick 1
4. Francis 2

Answer: 4. Francis 2

Question 50. _________ became the King of Prussia in 1861

1. Frederick 1
2. William 1
3. Francis 1
4. Charles MarteI.

Answer: 1. William 1

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Identify Which Of The Following Is “True” Or “False”

Question 1. The concept of “nation-states “did not come into being only in the 19th Century.
Answer: True

Question 2. Europe witnessed a period of conflict of ideas between the forces of conventionalism and the change in the post-Napoleonic period.
Answer: True

Question 3. The power of the kings declined in the Middle Ages due to the influence of middle-class people in society.
Answer: False

Question 4. The French Revolution gave birth to the concept of modern nationalism in Europe.
Answer: True

Question 5. The leaders of the Vienna Conference wanted to solve the problems related to the “Balance of Power” in Europe only.
Answer: False

Question 6. Austria, Russia, Prussia, and England were the “Big Four” of the Vienna Congress.
Answer: True

Question 7. Applying the “Principle of Legitimacy”, Belgium was forced to join Holland.
Answer: True

Question 8. In reality, the leaders of the Vienna Congress were motivated more by their self-interests than the “Principle of Legitimacy”.
Answer: True

Question 9. Following “The Principle of Compensation “, Prussia was given Poland and Lombardy.
Answer: False

Question 10. Russia gained Finland, Bessarabia, and large parts of Poland as a result of the application of “The Principle of Compensation”.
Answer: True

Question 11. The Vienna Congress led to the formation of a “Police System” by Prince Metternich.
Answer: True

Question 12. In 1815 the Orleans Dynasty was restored in France.
Answer: False

Question 13. Louis XVIII rejected his liberal systems and turned to a despotic ruler in 1820.
Answer: True

Question 14. Metternich Age is also known as the age of conflict between monarchical and nationalist ideas in Europe.
Answer: True

Question 15. Friedrich von Gentz was the Secretary of the Vienna Congress of 1815.
Answer: True

Question 16. Raja Ram Mohan Roy met the great poet Sir Thomas More in France.
Answer: True

Question 17. The term, Risorgimento means rebirth.
Answer: True

Question 18. The Vienna Congress provided the basis upon which the present-day UNO is created.
Answer: True

Question 19. Metternich was a follower of Rousseau.
Answer: True

Question 20. Charles X was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Answer: False

Question 21. The factory workers of Russia framed the famous slogan “Bread or Lead”.
Answer: False

Question 22. Louis Philippe had a great fondness for the bourgeois.
Answer: True

Question 23. The great historian, David Thomson opined that the seeds of the February Revolution were in reality sown at the time of the July Revolution in France.
Answer: True

Question 24. General Marmont was asked to put an end to the Revolution in Paris by Charles X on July 1830.
Answer: True

Question 25. As a result of the July Revolution King Charles X and his son had to ultimately leave France and take shelter in England.
Answer: True

Question 26. Bismarck considered the French Revolution to be “chaotic and anarchic”.
Answer: False

Question 27. Taking advantage of the July Revolution of 1830, Belgium freed itself from Holland.
Answer: True

Question 28. It was the Bonapartists who wanted Louis Philippe to rule in France.
Answer: False

Question 29. Louis Napoleon re-installed monarchy in France in December 1852.
Answer: True

Question 30. Daumier had drawn a cartoon of the Conference of the French National Assembly.
Answer: True

Question 31. Italy was conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796.
Answer: True

Question 32. Mazzini was the son of a famous poet of Genoa.
Answer: False

Question 33. To become a member of Mazzini’s Young Italy Party the member was required to pay a monthly fee of 50 cents.
Answer: True

Question 34. Count Cavour was an engineer by profession.
Answer: True

Question 35. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was declared the king of united Italy.
Answer: True

Question 36. The period from 1870 to 1890 is known as the Age of Bismarck.
Answer: True

Question 37. Germany under the rule of Bismarck had adopted measures against the Roman Catholic Churches because they supported Austria.
Answer: True

Question 38. The Young Turk Movement was initiated by Kamal Pasha, Anwar Pasha, and Talat Beg.
Answer: True

Question 39. The population of Balkan was a combination of Greeks, Christians, and Muslims.
Answer: True

Question 40. Zollverein was a tariff union or customs union.
Answer: True

Question 41. The formation of Zollverein laid the foundation for the unification of Germany.
Answer: True

Question 42. Czar Alexander II declared himself as the savior of the Slavic Community in 1867.
Answer: False

Question 43. The Treaty of Capitulation was signed between the French and the Russians in 1740.
Answer: False

Question 44. Most of the German states were included in the Zollverein by 1866.
Answer: True

Question 45. Karageorge was the leader of the Greeks.
Answer: True

Question 46. Philike Hetairia wanted to put an end to the Ottoman Rule in Greece.
Answer: True

Question 47. The Treaty of Kuchuk – Kainarji was signed in 1774.
Answer: True

Question 48. In 1862, Romania was born.
Answer: True

Question 49. The Battle of Leipzig took place in 1813.
Answer: True

Question 50. Secret societies were formed in Germany to protest against the oppressive policies adopted by Metternich.
Answer: True

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Match Column A with Column B

Question 1.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) B, (4) A

Question 2.

Answer: (1) B, (2) A, (3) D, (4) C

Question 3.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

Question 4.

Answer: (1) D, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C

Question 5.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 6.

Answer: (1) D, (2) A, (3) B, (4) C

Question 7.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 8.

Answer: (1) B, (2) D, (3) A, (4) C

Question 9.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) B, (4) A

Question 10.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) B, (4) A

Question 11.

Answer: (1) C, (2) A, (3) D, (4) B

Question 12.

Answer: (1) B, (2) D, (3) A, (4) C

Question 13.

Answer: (1) B, (2) D, (3) A, (4) C

Question 14.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) B, (4) A

Question 15.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) A, (4) B

Question 16.

Answer: (1) B, (2) D, (3) A, (4) C

Question 17.

Answer: (1) C, (2) D, (3) B, (4) A

Question 18.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) B, (4) A

Question 19.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

Question 20.

Answer: (1) D, (2) C, (3) A, (4) B

WBBSE Chapter 3 Europe In The 19th Century: Conflict Of Monarchical And Nationalist Ideas Select The Correct Option Of The Following Statements:

Question 1. The concept of the nation-state did not originate only in the 19th Century.

1. In England and France there existed powerful monarchic nation-states in the Middle Ages.
2. The king was regarded as the symbol of nationalism.
3. The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte was a blow to European society.

Answer: 1. In England and France there existed powerful monarchic nation-states in the Middle Ages.

Question 2. The Principle of Legitimacy was guided by the self-interests of the Big Four.

1. Prussia received Danzig.
2. Belgium was joined to Holland by application of force.
3. Finland became a part of Russia.

Answer: 2. Belgium was joined to Holland by application of force.

Question 3. Historian Fisher regarded the years between 815 to 1848 as the “Age of Metternich”.

1. Metternich considered the French Revolution as “chaotic and anarchic”.
2. Metternich introduced the policy of Divide and Rule in Austria.
3. Metternich had an unchallenged authority on the politics of Europe between the period 1815 to 1848.

Answer: 3. Metternich had an unchallenged authority on the politics of Europe between the period 1815 to 1848.

Question 4. One of the three basic principles of the Vienna Congress was the “Balance of Powers

1. It aimed at establishing the supremacy of France.
2. It aimed at the unification of Italy.
3. It aimed to ensure that neither France nor any other powers of Europe became too strong to disrupt peace and equilibrium.

Answer: 3. It aimed to ensure that neither France nor any other powers of Europe become too strong to disrupt peace and equilibrium.

Question 5. The July Monarchy was also known as the Bourgeois Monarchy.

1. It was called so because Louis Philippe was a bourgeois.
2. It was called so due to the presence of the bourgeois.
3.  It was called so because it paved the path toward the Second French Republic.

Answer: 2. It was called so due to the presence of the bourgeois.

Question 6. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a supporter of the French Revolution.

1. He was happy at the success of the July Revolution.
2. He was a great admirer of Napoleon.
   
3. He was a social reformer.

Answer: 1. He was happy at the success of the July Revolution.

Question 7. The European powers convened an international conference at Vienna in 1815.

1. Napoleon made great changes to the map of Europe.
2. It was aimed at resolving the problems and reconstruction of the European kingdoms.
3. To establish the Divine Right theory of kingship.

Answer: 2. It was aimed at resolving the problems and reconstruction of the European kingdoms.

Question 8. A “bund ” comprising a loose confederation of 39 German states was created.

1. It was done to achieve the unification of Germany.
2. The leaders of the Vienna Congress thus strengthened the power of the Germans.
3. It showed that the Principle of Legitimacy was largely motivated by the self¬interests of the leaders of the Vienna Congress.

Answer: 3. It showed that the Principle of Legitimacy was largely motivated by the self¬interests of the leaders of the Vienna Congress.

Question 9. Paris was the mother of Revolutions.

1. Paris was the capital of France.
2. The February Revolution started in Paris and then spread over Europe.
3.  A large number of nationalist organizations were formed in Paris which inspired nationalist movements in 15 countries of Europe.

Answer: 1. aris was the capital of France.

Question 10. The extreme nationalists became very active during the reign of Charles X in France.

1.  It was largely due to the autocratic policies adopted by Charles X.
2. The king failed to fulfill the demands of the workers.
3. The economic condition of France was deplorable.

Answer: 1. It was largely due to the autocratic policies adopted by Charles X.

Question 11. Metternich issued the Carlsbad decrees in Germany.

1. To curb the political aspirations of the students of the German Universities and the newspapers.
2. To oppose the formation of the Zollverein.
3. To curb the influence of Mazzen, the economist upon the German people.

Answer: 1. To curb the political aspirations of the students of the German Universities and the newspapers.

Question 12. The July Monarchy was established in France in 1830.

1.  It was because the July Revolution put an end to the Second Republic.
2. It was because of the four autocratic ordinances issued by Polignac on 26th July
3. Charles X was dethroned on the 30th of July and Louis Philippe of the Orleans dynasty was proclaimed as the king of France.

Answer: 3. Charles X was dethroned on the 30th of July and Louis Philippe of the Orleans dynasty was proclaimed as the king of France.

Question 13. The German nationalists summoned the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848.

1. To celebrate the success of the February Revolution in France.
2. To unite the whole of Germany, to inculcate among them a feeling of Ideological unity.
3. To excite the members of the secret societies in Germany against Metternich.

Answer: 2. To unite the whole of Germany, to inculcate among them a feeling of Ideological unity.

Question 14. As a result of the February Revolution of 1848, Metternich had to leave Austria and take refuge in England.

1. This was because the Revolution primarily aimed at the Metternich System.
2. Metternich opposed the coal and iron policy of Bismarck.
3. Metternich turned the Concert of Europe into a reactionary machinery.

Answer: 1. This was because the Revolution primarily aimed at the Metternich System.

Question 15. Charles X was a staunch supporter of the Divine Monarchy and the old regime.

1. Charles X followed the policy of ” divide and rule ‘.
2. Charles X acknowledged the policy of universal suffrage.
3. Charles X upheld despotism and supremacy of the Catholic Church.

Answer: 3. Charles X upheld despotism and supremacy of the Catholic Church.

Question 16. A secret society called the ” Carbonari” was formed in Italy.

1. This was formed with the idea of freeing Italy by way of armed Revolutions.
2. This was formed to create a public opinion among the people of Italy.
3. This was formed to strike a terror in the minds of the Austrian leaders.

Answer: 1. This was formed with the idea of freeing Italy by way of armed Revolutions.

Question 17. After the downfall of Napoleon, there was the restoration of the monarchy in France.

1. The leaders of the Vienna Congress supported the dynastic monarchy.
2. National resistance prompted the leaders of the Vienna Congress to restore monarchical rule in France.
3. The common people of France supported the idea of absolute monarchy in France.

Answer: 1. The leaders of the Vienna Congress supported the dynastic monarchy.

Question 18. Mazzini was the founder of ” Young Italy “.

Mazzini founded this organization to launch armed Revolutionary movements.
Mazzini founded this organization to spread the ideas of patriotism and nationalism across the cities and villages.
Mazzini wanted to bring about constitutional monarchy in Italy.

Answer: 2. Mazzini founded this organization to spread the ideas of patriotism and nationalism across the cities and villages.

Question 19. Zollverein was formed in 1833 by King Frederick William III of Prussia.

1. It was an economic union that ultimately helped in the unification of Germany.
2. It was a union which aimed against the political ambition of Austria.
3. It was formed to bring political unity among the German states.

Answer: 1. It was an economic union that ultimately helped in the unification of Germany.

Question 20. William, I appointed Otto von Bismarck as the Prussian Prime Minister in 1862.

1. This was important because Bismarck was a strong believer in the French Revolution.
2. Bismarck was appointed the Prime Minister for his belief in a monarchy.
3. This was important because Bismarck made the unification of Germany possible by following both his blood and iron and coal and iron policies.

Answer: 3. This was important because Bismarck made the unification of Germany possible by following both his blood and iron and coal and iron policies.

Question 21. Alexander II is regarded as, the” Czar the Liberator “.

1. He freed the serfs from the age-old custom of exploitation and torture of their feudal lords.
2. He supported the Russian nationalists in forming the secret societies.
3. He withdrew all press censorship.

Answer: 1. He freed the serfs from the age-old custom of exploitation and torture of their feudal lords.

Question 22. Florence Nightingale is regarded as one of the pioneers of modern nursing.

1. There was a total absence of nurses in Europe during the time of the Crimean War.
2. During the time of the Crimean War, she led a group of nurses to the war front to give medical care to the wounded soldiers.
3. There were no proper hospitals to take care of the wounded soldiers.

Answer: 2. During the time of the Crimean War she led a group of nurses to the war front to give medical care to the wounded soldiers.

Question 23. Turkey was called, ‘The sick man of Europe”

1. Turkey had weak military strength.
2. Turkey had made no reforms to improve her position.
3. Turkey was neither strong enough to deal with internal revolts nor external attacks.

Answer: 3. Turkey was neither strong enough to deal with internal revolts nor external attacks.

Question 24. The Treaty of Frankfurt made the unification of Germany a reality.

1. The French army was defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
2. The Ems Telegram infuriated the French people.
3. Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine

Answer: 3. Germany annexed the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine